The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

MARINE REVIEW. ii Capt. Alex. McDougall's Patents.* ANCHOR--SPECIFICATION FORMING PART OF LETTERS PATENT NO. 445,816, DATED Feb. 3, 189!--APPLICATION FILED MARCH 24, 1890--SERIAL, NO. 345,019 --NO MODEL. In describing this anchor, which is of the stockless, single fluke type, the inventor says: 'The principal objects of my in- vention are to provide and produce an anchor of that variety which can be manufactured very cheaply, which will be extreme- ly portable and occupy but little space on the deck, and which will be very effective in operation. 'To this end the invention consists, generally, of a main triangular metallic frame-work, a single fluke or blade pivoted within said frame, and a pivoted link for limiting the movements of the fluke. Fig. 1 is a per- spective view of the anchor; Fig. 2, a plan view of the same; Fig. 3, a side elevation, partly in section; Fig. 4, a separate elevation of the link and pivoting pin. A represents the main frame of the device made of the general rectangular shape shown, viz., with the two inclined sides a a' and thé two short connect- ing sides 60'. This frame-work may be made of cast metal, if desired, but I prefer to make the same of rectangular wrought iron or steel bars heated and hammered to the proper shape. The two inclined sides at their forward ends are either welded or riveted together, or else these sides may be made of one and the same piece of metal bent around into position. It is more economical, however, to make the frame-work of two parts, each consisting of a side piece and one of the connecting side pieces 6 or 6', since both of the said side pieces will be of the same shape, and they can therefore be constructed very easily and cheaply. At the forward end of this frame-work isa shackle, swivel, or ring c, to which the anchor chain or rope is attached. Each of . the connecting side pieces 4 and 0' of the frame is bent over at its inner end to form lugs or ears d and d', projecting outward- ly. Passing through these lugs or ears dd' is a metallic pivot- ing pin K, arranged so as to turn easily in said lugs or ears. 'The ends of this pivoting pin extend out on the sides of the lugs or ears, and are integrally connected with a link B, before referred to, and arranged as shown. 'This link is of the ordinary con- struction, and is of the general form shown in the drawings. By this means the link will be allowed a certain limited movement on the pivoting pin, so that it may be inclined either to the tight or to the left as may be desired. The movements of this link are restricted by the bearing surfaces //' thereof coming in contact with the upper and lower faces of the lugs or earsd a'. The fluke C of the anchor is pivoted between the lugs or ears da' onthe pin E and is capable of movementon this pin The fluke is provided with a blade g, adapted to enter the ground, with a shank portion 4, with an enlarged head 7, through which the pivoting pin E passes, and with a small lug 7, forming a contin- uation of said enlarged head. When the fluke isin position on the pivoting pin, and when it is moved in one direction as far as possible, it will be seen that the portion of the shank / directly below the head 7 will engage with one of the surtaces / of the *Under this heading we will publish specifications accompanying letters patent granted to Alexander MeDougall since his first application for a patent on the whale- back type of vessel May 1,1880. link B and that the lug / thereof will engage with the other sur- face fof the link, so that the fluke will be held very rigidly from other movement. It will also be evident that to which.ever side the fluke may be moved it will be locked inits proper position by the link B, as I have just explained. 'This means for locking the fluke in position is very strong and rigid, since the link' bears against three immovable surfaces, viz., the pivoting pin and the upper and lower surfaces of the lugs or ears dd', and the fluke bears against three surfaces also, viz., the pivoting pin and the two surfaces f/' of the link. ee: Cagc8 'The operation of the anchor. is as follows: 'The device is lowered from the vessel in the usual way, and will, of course, rest -- in a flat position on the bottom. The fluke will drop by its own: weight and will enter the ground, and as a strain is brought: on the anchor by the movement of the vessel the fluke will be forced farther into the ground until it has reached an angle of about fifty degrees, when its motion will be arrested by the link, as was before explained. As an additional strain is brought upon the anchor, the fluke will be caused to bury deeper in the ground until the dirt, sand or gravel of the bottom is piled up in front of and around the connecting pieces 6 8', so that the anchor will -- be firmly embedded in the ground. Whichever side the anchor may fall on, the fluke will enter the ground with equal facility, since it is pivotally mounted on the pin, and its movement will be' restricted by the link B on either side, as will be understood. "What I claim as newin the inventionis: FirstIn an anchor, the combination of a metallic frame-work, a single fluke pivoted to said frame-work, and a link, substantially as described, pivoted so as to surround the shank of said fluke.and limit the movements of the same. _Second--An improved anchor consist- ing of a frame-work of a general rectangular shape having cross -- pieces 4 0' at its rear end and adapted to engage with the ground, lugs or ears formed by a continuation of these connecting pieces and extending rearwardly, a single fluke pivoted between these lugs, anda link EK, mounted on the pivoting pin 4 or the fluke, and surrounding the shank ofthe same, and adapted to limit the movements of the fluke, substantially as set forth. Third--An. improved anchor consisting of a metallic frame having lugs dd'. at its rear end, a single fluke pivoted between said ears, and | carrying a lug 7, and a link mounted on the pivoting pin for the fluke and adapted to limit the movements of the fluke, substan- tially as set forth." Device for Using Graphite. 3 As a result of a great deal that has been written lately. © regarding the use of graphite for bearings, engine. cylinders, - gaskets, steam and gas joints, etc., many engineers who were _ ready to condemn anything in the way of graphite now use the © best quality of this material with the great- est satisfaction. Frank Y. Fisher, engineer of the Dover waterworks, Dover, N. H..,-. _ shows in the accompanying drawing what. can be done in the way of making a device out of material which every engineer has ¥ at hand, for introducing. graphite into : engine cylinders. Ina letter to the Joseph Ie Dixon Crucible Company of Jersey City, IW N.J., he says: "I have used plumbago | 8 for years in locomotive cylinders and. 2 journal boxes, in stationary cylinders and bearings, on bolts, studs and pipe threads, hand-hole and man-hole gaskets, and tor cylinder, steam chest and flange pipe-joints. Dixon's flake lubricating graphite is the best of any I have used heretofore. I have always either pumped or poured the plum- _bago into the cylinders.. Dixon'sdry flake: graphite I feed into the steam chests with cups made from piping, as shown in the sketch. In the nipple indicated by arrows I drive in a brass plug and drill a ;/; in. hole. I fill the cup once in three days and the steam takes care of the graphite. I have reduced the feed of cylinder oil one-half of the amount formerly used. I put one cup on each high pressure steam chest, and the exhaust carries the graphite over into the low pressure cylinder and over into the air pump. It is used three times and dis- charged into the river. It is not worth trying to save it to use over, as I have heard some say they do." 4 INCH PIPE 7: A N No master trading to Lake Superior should be without a chart of the north shore. We have them for sale at $1 each.