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1901.] MARINE REVIEW. 19 naval construction has made a great advance on previous efforts. It goes without saying that this country will have to produce a reply to the Gam- betta; and we feel safe in prophesying that the reply ship will resemble the Gambetta far more than the Drake or any other vessels in the British navy now do. We shall, indeed, be surprised if small turrets for secondary guns in pairs do not form a feature of all, or most, of the future designs for ships of the British navy. What is more, we shall expect to find it as- sociated with an armored battery, instead of isolated casemates." The Gambetta's armor and armament is described as follows: Two turrets, balanced fore and aft, each carrying a pair of 194 mm. (7.6 in.) guns, protected by 6 in. of hardened steel, and supported by armored pillars, inside of which are the hoist and machinery. Upon the sides, as widely apart as possible, are six similar turrets on the upper deck level, carrying each a pair of 164 mm. (6.4 in.) guns. On the main deck, just forward and just aft of the end 6.4 in. turrets, are casemates 4 in. thick, each mounting a single 6.4 in. gun. The upper belt protects the bases of these and save for a small unprotected piece right aft this belt is continu- ous. The 3-pounders are distributed about the main deck and upper works. Following the now universal rule in the French navy, these will all be without the absurd little shields that still cover portions of British Hotchkiss guns, and serve no purpose beyond ensuring the burst of any shell that chances to touch them. "The characteristic French cruiser is, or was, small," says the Engi- neer, "but our present concern is with the monster cruisers intended for use with, or as battleships, should occasion require. It is just this possi- bility that has led many capable experts to attack the big armored cruiser, This school advocates the small cruiser, which must perforce do cruiser work; the big one, they say, will, in practice, prove to be only a weak battleship. However, France is a land of many schools, and one of the most powerful of these argues that cruisers are all that France needs. Attacking battleships, they can use the torpedo--which makes all ships equal--attacking cruisers, the gun. It is all very pretty, but it is usually based on an imperfect conception of what a well-handled modern big gun can do. Fate has been unkind to big guns. At Yalu, the excellent 12.5 Canet pieces in the Matsushima class were out of order and fired slowly; the old 12 in. Krupps in the Chinese ships lacked shell to demonstrate their powers on unarmored ships. At Santiago the Americans had no modern big pieces, and the Spaniards seemingly had no ammunition for those ll-in. guns that the American officers admired so much after the battle. A gun like the 12-in. Mark IX. can certainly fire once every two minutes in battle, and as cach battleship carries four, that means a rate of two a minute. If a battleship, even six knots inferior to a cruiser in speed, steams away it will take the cruiser twenty minutes to close 4,000 yards, which means twenty shots from the after barbette under the most favorable shooting conditions. We cannot help thinking that we should feel a good deal safer behind the big gun than in the cruiser, even if the latter were able to assure herself with the delightful little theory pro- pounded by the gunnery expert in the new Naval Annual, as to how long it will take a 6-in. quick-firer to smash a big gun muzzle if it aims at it from 3,000 yards. In point of fact, we do not see how the cruiser can avoid finishing her trip at the bottom of the sea. For practical purposes all big guns nowadays are quick-firers. Wherever and however a 12-in. projec- tile hits no ship is likely to be the same after it as she was before, unless as happened at Santiago de Cuba, an unarmored part is hit. But the' modern cruiser, with any amount of thin armor over her, is an ideal burst- ing target for 12-in, shell." MODERN ATLANTIC COAST FREIGHT AND PASSENGER STEAMER HORATIA HALL OF MAIN STEAMSHIP CO.'S FLEET. REMARKABLE STORY REGARDING CHARLES M. SCHWAB. If a story from Cincinnati, which has been published in all the leading newspapers, is to be credited, extraordinay circumstances were encountered by J. Pierpont Morgan when he set about the organization of the billion- dollar steel trust, and one incident in particular reveals Mr. Charles M. Schwab in a most remarkable capacity. Recently Mr. Morgan was called upon to express his opinion of the sincerity of Mr. Carnegie's statement that he did not want to die rich. This is what he is reported to have said: "T believe that Mr. Carnegie is absolutely sincere on that point, and I think his actions prove it. Let me tell you about one thing he has done. When the organization of the United States Steel Corporation was about to be effected I met Schwab at my office to discuss the status of the Car- negie holdings. It was then expected that Mr. Schwab might be selected as president of the corporation, but there was no definite conclusion on that point. Mr. Schwab astounded me by telling me that he was receiving a salary of $1,000,000 a year as president of the Carnegie companies. know no man can be worth that much salary,' said he, 'but I'll tell you how it happened that such a salary was given me. About a year before the reorganization of the Carnegie interests, or two years ago, I was offered astonishingly liberal terms to sever my connection with the Car- negie interests and take charge of some large manufacturing interests in Germany. I was receiving what I regarded to be a liberal salary from Mr. Carnegie, but it was small as compared with what the Germans offered me in the way of salary and interest in prospective profits. Nevertheless I declined the German offer in order to continue my connection with the interests I had been so long identified with. I said nothing to Mr. Car- negie about the matter. However, it came to his ears, and one day I was astounded to receive from him a blank contract which needed only my signature to assure me of a salary of $1,000,000 a year for five years. I went to see Mr. Carnegie about the matter, and said in my opinion it was impossible that the services of one man in any business, however profit- able, could be worth $1,000,000 a year. He replied that that was not the point; that his chief purpose in life was to distribute his wealth according to the plan he believed proper. He insisted upon my signing the contract, and that s how I came to receive a salary of $1,000,000 a year.' I told Mr. Schwab," continued Mr. Morgan, "that 1 had never heard of any such salary as that and that to assume the contract along with the other obligations of the Carnegie company might in all probability be impossible to the new corporation. He drew a paper from his pocket and said: 'Mr, Morgan, here is my contract. It calls, as you will see, for $1,000,000 a year for five years. It has been in force for two years, and in that time I have drawn $200,000 against my salary account. I am fully aware of the fact that sentiment and not business led Mr. Carnegie to draw that contract. I appreciate now that it offers an obstacle to this project, which is vastly favorable to the Carnegie interests and directly in line with the personal desire of Mr. Carnegie to be relieved of business responsibility. You need not hesitate on account of this contract. There is an easy way to settle that matter.' "Thereupon," continued Mr. Morgan, "Mr. Schwab tore the contract to pieces before my eyes. I felt it my duty to detail to Mr. Carnegie the scene in my office when the contract was destroyed. He smiled and said that there were few men in the world.like Schwab. 'I don't propose that he shall lose anything by what he has done,' said he. 'I shall send him my check for the amount he lost when he destroyed the contract.' Mr, Carnegie drew his check for $4,800,000 and sent it to Mr. Schwab with a note explaining his understanding of the transaction in my office. That I believe, is the basis for the stories we hear of the enormous salary paid to Mr. Schwab by the new corporation. As a matter of fact this salary as president of the corporation is not larger than that of a good many railroad presidents." SUMMARY OF NAVAL CONSTRUCTION. The monthly summary of construction, issued by the navy department shows that fair progress has been made during the month upon the pro- tected cruisers and submarine boats. None of the battleships and arm- ored cruisers recently authorized have as yet been laid down. Following is the summary: : Degree ie : BATTLESHIPS. Eo : Mayil. Junel. TIN O18 sa oats sees sive sae Newport News ............ Rye eet 92 94 Maine 2525355. Seen oses teen's Cramp: & Sone). s0...c a ee 50 52 Missouri. :.330.:.3.. « Newport: News .....9 oe 32 37 OWi0. 2c oes ae Union: Tron' Works: <.6...20.2 i 42 De. Virginia ... Newport :-Neowsisis soc eee ee 0 0 Nebraska .. » Moran' Brosec@0cs.00 2s. ee ee 0 0 Georgia ...... . Bath-lron- WOPrks ocis..4 tee 0 0 © New. Jersey ..... ~sMOre "RIVGr CG.ateri ee one eee 08 0 SORNOMS ISIANG erases cakes sc seat Hore River CO: ccs. rset i ee 0 0 ARMORED CRUISERS. Pennsylvania i. .icsuc uses cence Cramp: & Song) score O¢ 0 West Virginia. ci rirc arc cores oe sNewport News). ea ee 0 0 Califoriias 5c soe een ne Union: Iron Works 23,41 a 0 0 Colorado: Soccer ccesacs eens ete Cramp: & Song 2.0.3 ee ee 0 0 Maryland vo scpeccss cece ce Rieewae NewDOrteNGws: .v.ccccscs secu rete eae 0 0 South Dakota... <csccce ces ous Union: Iron. Works: 2... 0 0 SHEATHED PROTECTED CRUISERS. ; Denver sNéafle: & Gevy ince: ce ee 45 47 Des Moines ... ~More River Engine €o:.i..2 1.2506 28 34 Chattanooga ~UOWIs: NIXON. soc co siee ee 29 32 Galveston .. . Wine Re i rige Con 3). cos. 22 27 Tacoma ... Union trom WOFKES: occcs. co.cc s 11a cee 18 20 Cleveland « Bath Tron Works 22 5..<c see 55 55 St. Louis .. Neafle:& (Levy i155 30. tee 0 0 Milwaukee ... ~ Union Iron: WOrkSt 27. :screncs irs ean 0 0 pOnarleston Wiss. csts sees ce os sveNOWDOTL NOWSocc. sues cmieee cscs 0 0 MONITORS. AYKAangas. 4 s2cie eo cease uve Secciaiwere Néwport: News oi.. osece 54 57 Nevada .. . Bath Iron Works 41 86 87 Florida . . Lewis Nixon ....... 65 66 Wyoming wos UMION Tron "Works 6700 fics, ee 73 75 TORPEDO BOAT DESTROYERS. Bainbridge. cass o. csiess ces os cn cue Neatlie © Levy oi.sic css ce ke cs crac 94 94 Barry ooo asics owe aes Neate & Levy 05.0 co ee 88 88 ChauUn Cys ioser ences bess eee en nee Neafie:. & Levy i i.ccc cence occ 90 90 Dale geet. ce cose ein aueid cae nore Wit: Re irigg "CoO. s cc ce ee 93 94 DeCAtur:.. cess cscs caveeeee ese Wm. KR. Trige Co:. 0.55% Veeci cats eeeens 95 96 FIOPKINS hein sass cee cee vee. . Harlan & Hollingsworth ..:......0.02.. 75 75 BU ee aoa cocas eee Ga ceages vs Harlan © Hollingsworth: <..........:.. 74 74 Li WENGE: 60s seis es 5s sees cele je bore River Hngine (Co..o: is5,.%.7-. <8 99. 99 MacDOnoush: sccvcccscccccices coc Fore River' Engine Co... essere ss. 98 98 Paul: Jones occ. chaste pecces oon Union: Tron: Works 4.22... 2so er 87 95 POrn yes coe an iis coe eels lees ee nels Union: Tron: Works) e205 93 93 PYODI 05. 3 cieissitc loan oie atc nsiok «68 Union: Iron: Works: 3.070.000 or 90 92 StOwaArts 5 ico ai ehae cies sae ou Gas Engine & Power Co............... 53 1 Op TPUStONS ooo cic ces cl cae ncenees Maryland Steel (Cox... cco... esis 68 68 Whipple ............++% S ekiden ss wos Maryland Stee) Co... tc 67 67 WORGGN 665 oe i ect eres erie Maryland: Stéel 00. 63. ie 67 67 TORPEDO BOATS. Stringhamy 350.63 te8 ese ee Harlan & Hollingsworth .............. 98 98 Goldsborough' 125%... 0sccse ses LWOlR & BwWitker css estes cence, 99 99 Bagley s i. os. aencs cesses womans Bath Tron: Works: 62655. vsiec css weeatics 99 99 Barney 2353s cave cas vaceeccors Bath Tron WOrks (206.0050. 0c. ens 99 99 Biddle =<... Nislip boku daa cae ae ines Bath Iron: WOrks .26s.sessce ace 98 99: Blakely icc. iiccdac Oras enens <5. Ge0. Lawley & Son o.0 5.20 98 98 DeLong: 45; vanicwoss vs cca does oe Geo. Lawley -@ Sons... 0055 523. 98 98 Nicholson sees os csiee gp cvice waco es Lewis' NIXON: V2.6. seeessccccne ase <se ss 88 89 OBrien | icra te es eseur cere Lewis: NixOn s osses cee. cress cere 90 92 Thornton Ako. cet waes oceseonss Win. RR, Trige: Co. etree esa 97 97 WIN GOY <.03 kcs ower eines eassindecens Columbian Iron Works ............... 68 68 WIlKO8. oes So see cece cseneee -Gas Engine & Power Co............... 79 80 SUBMARINE TORPEDO BOATS. PIUNSON oy cus cdcives cone eeenes Lewis: Nizon: 351254: - 203. eke bee cages 9 10 AOGCT oe oe sock cas nse pat ewes gee Suewis:. NIXON: 20207 eer es el 50 60 Grampus: cic eens es Ui c a leen Union Iron Works .. 50 51 MOCCASIN .i2% cc creeesace . Lewis Nixon ......... sie a0 58 - PIKG 6% co cies oes . Union Iron Works s 50 50 Porpoise ....-ccsee- . Lewis Nixon ...... 36 55 Shark ..s6 oss oeececssecdde deccaesQ0OWIG NIZOM gersneen, ccee wees eae 35 . 68 j :