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1901.] MARINE REVIEW. 27 ENCROACHMENTS UPON BRITISH SHIPPING. "Two important official returns relating to the mercantile marines of the world have just been issued, and in view of the optimistic tone of a portion of the president of the board of trade's address at Liverpool they have a special interest," says the Glasgow Herald. "From one of them, 4 against 1898, and it continued to do so in 1900, On these points the fol- lowing plain figures tell their own story regarding the total tonnage of vessels that entered and cleared with cargoes and ballast at ports in the United Kingdom from and to foreign countries, British possessions and coastwise, the figures given being in tons: prepared by Lloyd's Register of Shipping, we get some up-to-date statis- Total trade of In British In foreign tics of the tonnage of each of the great maritime countries. The other, ulted Rnedouy vessels. vessels. which comes from the board of trade, deals professedly with the 'Navi- 1900 ee 208,777,928 167,112,552 41,665,376 gation and Shipping of the United Kingdom for 1900,' but it also 1899 eee eee ee ener en ees 209,348,081 172,635,394 36,712,687 enables us to ascertain how far the carrying trade of Great Britain is TSOB: opie ni ceria ds. 200,848,056 169,949,278 30,898,778 shared in by foreigners. According to Lloyd's, the total British tonnage is going down instead of up. Last year at this time it was rather over 15,000,000 tons; now it is 14,708,206. This falling off may be accounted for in two ways. In the first place, our ship owners have of late been disposing abroad of a good many of their obsolete vessels, and, in the second, they have replaced many of their sailing vessels by steamers. The steam tonnage may not bulk so large as the sailing tonnage, but it is much more effective. Notwithstanding the diminution referred to; our total tonnage is still nearly. equal to that of the whole of the rest of the world. The actual figures are: British tonnage, 14,708,206; foreign ton- "While, therefore, the proportion of the total trade of United King- dom ports carried by British vessels went up by some 3,000,000 tons in 1899 as compared with 1898, it fell more than 5,000,000 tons in 1900. On the other hand, the proportion carried by foreign vessels advanced steadily, going up about 6,000,000 tons in 1899 and 5,000,000 tons last year. The same remarks apply to the total trade confined to steamers alone, as distinguished from sailing vessels, and also to the foreign trade of the country: : Foreign trade of In British In foreign United Kingdom. vessels. vessels. nage, 15,892,304. Total world's tonnage, 30,600,510. 1O00 eee ees 98,523,693 62,710,886 35,812,857 "If we take steam tonnage alone the predominance of this country is 1899 oes eee eee ee ee 97,782,887 65,648,989 32,133,898 still more strongly marked, the relative figures being 12,739,180 and 12,- B98 ee ee 90,963,966 64,216,728 26,747,238 269,702. As regards foreign tonnage, it is impossible to overlook the manner in which Germany is coming to the front. Not so many years ago the merchant fleet owned by her lagged a long way behind that of America and some continental powers. The United States continues, on account of its large coastwise shipping interests, to hold the place next our own with a tonnage of 3,077,344, but the Germans are so rapidly challenging that superiority that they now can boast of a tonnage of 2,905,782. Norway, which comes next, has only 1,627,220 tons, while France has 1,406,883 tons and Italy 1,117,538 tons. No other nation possesses a tonnage which touches the million. There is one further respect in which the shipping enterprise of Germany shines. As these are the days of ocean leviathans, the countries which construct most of them may, to a certain extent, depend on obtaining the lion's share of the carrying trade of the world. At the present moment there are in existence exactly sixty steamers of 10,000 tons and upwards. How are these distributed? The United Kingdom owns twenty-nine and Germany twenty-five, while only four can be claimed by America and two by France. "When we turn to the board of trade report is is found that in many respects the facts there disclosed are the reverse of satisfactory. Though the total volume of our shipping trade was larger in 1900 than in 1898, it showed a considerable decrease as compared with 1899. Nor is that the worst of the matter. The difference between the returns for the last two years is entirely due to a diminution in the entries and clearances of British vessels at our ports. Foreign tonnage advanced largely in 1899 as "Regarding this expansion of tonnage in our foreign trade by vessels other than those of British nationality, it is specially noteworthy that the Germans again carry off the palm. In 1898 the German vessels trading to and from the ports of the United Kingdom represented a tonnage of little more than 4,500,000. -By 1899 this had increased to 5,549,000, and last year it amounted to upwards of 6,000,000 tons. Explain it as we may, the fact remains that the mercantile marine of the Kaiser is not merely extending its operations in connection with the foreign trade of the Fatherland, but is more and more encroaching upon the commerce of British ports. This significant circumstance does not appear to be known to the president of the board of trade, though the figures are those of his own department, but it should engage the attention of the select committee now inquiring into the system of shipping subsidies." $13.50 TO ATLANTIC CITY, N.J.,. AND RETURN. From any point on C. T. & V. R. R., July 18 and August 15. Tickets good twelve days and for return will admit of stop-over at Washington on return trip. Apply to any agent, or J. E. Galbraith, traffic manager, GPe&evVe RRs Cleveland@: Aug. 8. Pan-American exposition rates to Buffalo via the Nickel Plate road-- Tickets now on sale at all stations, one and one-third fare for round trip, good returning fifteen days. Write, wire, phone or call on nearest agent, or E, A. Akers, C. P. -& T. A., Cleveland, Ohio, 85, Aug. 1. BELLEVILLE GENERATORS Grand Prix 1889 Originated 1849 Hors Concours 1900 Latest Improvements 1896 Number of Nautical Miles made each year by Steamships of the Messageries Maritimes Co., Provided with Belleville Generators--Since their Adoption in the Service. f Year. Australien | Polynésien ae eee ik Chili Cordillére Laos Indus Tonkin Annam Atlantique | £890... 67,728 2,460 1891... 68,247 68,331 204 [892.....03 8, 68,247 68,403 69,822 23,259 [898 ee. 68,379 68,343 68,286 68,247 1894....62 5.05 68,439 68,367 68,574 68,439 37,701 [895-5363 68,673 68,766 68,739 68,808 40,887 28,713 1896... 2.0... 69,534 92,718 69,696 69,549 62,205 63,153 40,716 1897 ..<05-. 500 68,250 69,606 92,736 69,555 62,235 76,110 63;357 43,146 £S98..;.::,....2- 70,938 69,534 69,552 69,597 62,526 63,240 63,240 62,553 63,954 22,707 £899:.. 5.305. 69,534 69,615 67,431 90,405 60,246 62,778 62,868 52,344 54,855 44,007 3 22,884 POO... .:..s43, 69,534 67,494 69,744 69,564 61,719 | 62,382 62,502 51,471 53,373 | 62,016 63,066 52,140 Total..:.3.... 757,503 | 713,637 | 644,784 | 597,423 | 387,519 | 356,376 | 292,683 | 209,514 | 172,182 | 128,730 85,950 52,140 ATELIERS ET CHANTIERS DE L'ERMITAGE, A ST. DENIS (SEINE), FRANCE. WORKS AND YARDS OF L'ERMITAGE AT ST. DENIS (SEINE), FRANCE. TELEGRAPHIC ADDRESS* BELLEVILLE, SAINT-DENIS-SUR-SEINE.