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. 16 MARINE REVIEW. [November 21, : City of Hrie. Tashmoo. Cynder, HP. diameter, inches.......:..0... 52 33 HPs diameter, wiches.<. .7.00..53 06: -- 51 IP diameter, inches, .. 2.0... 80 82 Stroke, inches EP i. 7732. 3s eee 96 72 We 1 -- Pair Pun, diameter, michés...3.5..........:. 52 45 BEOKG, INCHES 2 256s s oes 45 24 Heed pump, indepetident .:.................. 16x11x14 14x8x12 EMU OUND oe oe. oie ec 14x8x10 10x6x10 Myolets) CVyluidtical, number... 206. 6... 6 5 ; didineter, feet i205. 4.400: 12.5 vine teseth, feet cesses 66 11.75 ee furnaces, diameter, inches 46 42 grate length, feet........ 5.5 6 surface, square feet 252 294 heating surface, square feet.......... 11,580 8,750 . Wren SVStCId 6 ees ce Howdens Natural. team pressive, pounds ©.............4..-. << 130 175 lowers, MUiMmDer 220.0. 2c. s ee es occ. 2 -- diainetet, iiches...02..0.......5.... 66 -- discharge, inches 4.00. 3........... 34x34 -- Cheme, Mches 4 (2.00... ...5. 0... 7x7 = heater, diameter, inches; )........... 25 25 lenoth, feet 2 10.17 9.5 tubes, diameter, inches....:........ ly ly léngin, tect 626.6. sew 8 q Stitiace, square feet. .....-....:..... 302 282 Wheels, diameter over buckets, feet.......... 28.5 22.42 Polygon, diameter, feet ............. 25.17 19.08 buckets< nitmben 6.56.2 ae. 11 9 Wwidihy feet... 6.6. 66. ose 4 3.75 denoth. féet 22. 06000......55 12 12 dipy feet oo. Re 5.17 4.75 DATA OF THE RUN. mteain pressure, poutds.<..:66....0..50. 023. 120.4 175* Wacnuin: Inches \6 4.65.6 eo rn. 23.5 22 Air Pressiire, 1Ches; 6... eee 5 max -- Revolutions per minute... .. 220.622... eee. 33.25 40.08 MB Poin HP. cylinder, pounds. .:-.2...:. 58.4 -- iB. cylinder. pounds:...:...... -- = dc B. cylinder, pounds, .2..:0. 4: 36.6 -- ee referred to L. P--pounds.:.......... 53.07 --_ dee Pe cylinder... oa 2,004.6 -- dee P. evlinders, esti eee 4,467.7 -- Old ees ao: 6,472.3 38,400+ leat P, per square foot of grate. ...2. 2.00. 25.68 11.58 Heating surface per I. H. P., square foot..... 1.79 2.57 I. H. P. per 100 square feet of wetted surface. 50.66 39.1 distance, in statute miles,...0:.02...4i000 2... 94 94 peed, im statute miles... 32.02.00...) cies 21.76 21.70 Speed, in knots ...-..3... 6. ee ed. 18.899 18.847 Slip of wheel over bucket, per cent........... 35.65 82.2 Pent Of water in feet, start......5....-...... 57 57 Minimum 2 se 385 85 MAKI 27 Ge Me: 77 AVIEIACE het ak 61.31 61.31 mdiminalty cociicient i635, fs 5.) 178.2 225 *L. P. pass-over valve half open during last 1% hours. °" 7Hstimated. "The trial resulted in the City of Erie, beating the Tashmoo 45 sec- onds in a run of 94 miles--less than half a second a mile. With the ex- ception of 4 minutes' stop of one of the blowers on the City of Erie, the main engines and auxiliaries on both steamers worked perfectly through- out the trial, all journals running cool. The boilers furnished a full supply of steam at all times. The admiralty coefficient should be considered in connection with the shallow water in which the run was made. estimated that the speed would have been at least one-quarter of a mile an hour greater had the steamers been in water of sufficient depth not to be influenced by the bottom. "I regret that owing to leaking snifting valves no indicator cards could be taken on the Tashmoo. The power was estimated from a pre- vious trial, when 3,120 H.-P. was developed, with thirty-nine revolutions. Both steamers were taken. off the regular service and prepared for the trial in a few hours. The City of Erie arrived in Cleveland from her regular run from. Buffalo only four hours before the trial began. She was not. dry-docked to clean bottom, though that was in fair condition. Her boats were taken in on main deck to reduce wind resistance. The Tash- moo was dry-docked, bottom cleaned and painted. Both steamers were run- by their regular crews." _ MR. STEVENSON TAYLOR'S SPIRITED DISCUSSION. __No sooner had Mr. Taylor finished reading Mr. Kirby's paper than he begged the right to be the first to discuss it. Mr. Taylor was on board the Erie during the race and moreover it was his firm, the W. & A. Fletcher Co., Hoboken, N. J., which built the engines of the Erie. _ _Mr. Kirby," said he, "in his paper has given you only the solid facts of the City of Erie-Tashmoo race without embellishment and without calling your attention to many of the features of an interesting occasion. This race was the unusual result of steamboat talk--and I may say brag-- as to who possessed the fastest steamer on the lakes. It was an unusual result in that a race occurred at all, and more unusual because all the care of an international yacht race was taken to make the affair satisfactory and decisive. Impartial judges and time keepers were selected, Govern- ment inspectors were present to see that no infraction of the law occurred. Two lanes were mapped out on the course so that the racers were always at least half a mile apart, broadside, from the start to the finish, the lanes being marked at the beginning, the middle and the end of the course by tue boats duly anchored in place. _The choice of position was decided by Jot, the Tashmoo winning and wisely choosing the outer course. Mr, tes. Kirby has taken as a basis for the calculations in his paper the distance of the course to be 94 statute miles, but at the same time he correctly states that 'computed from the latitude and longitude of the lighthouses at Cleve- land and Erie, and corrected for location of starting line, the distance is 94.31 miles.' You will concede that no boat could sail the course in less than this distance. Again he says, 'measured on the chart issued by the hydrographic office of the navy department, the distance is 95.25 miles.' Other authorities make the distance 9434 miles. "Those present at the race know that the boats each varied from the straight line and I have for my calculations on the race called the course 94% statute miles. I trust you will agree that this is a fair assumption. You will note that the City of Erie is a freight as well as a pasenger boat with a double tier of staterooms and appurtenances for night travel, and that in order to have the wheels sufficiently immersed to utilize the power to a moderate degree even, it was necessary to carry a load of 250 gross tons. Even with this handicap weight considerable power was wasted, as is shown by the power per ton of displacement, by the high number of revolutions per minute and the corresponding slip of the wheel. The slip of wheel is given here for both boats, taking the diameter given for outside of buckets. This is not correct, of course, because the path of the outer edge of buckets through the water is not a circle of the diameter given for the wheel, but this method of determining slip answers for a comparison only. The Tashmoo slip is less than that of the City of Erie, showing a better hold on the water for the power developed. In this, however, the showing is not bad compared with fast side-wheel boats in Europe. The North sea steamer Marie Henrietta, on trial with 52.89 revolutions and 22.2 knots per hour, shows a slip of over 39 per cent. by the same rule used by Mr. Kirby. If we could possibly have lowered the shafts of the City of Erie to give the wheels proper immersion without carrying that extra 250 tons load, the result would have been, of course, much more favorable for the 'City of Erie; but they had to take the cart horse, just as she is, against the trotter and make the best of it. "T now desire to call your attention particularly to the effect of the depth of water on the course. When the race was first projected the owners of the Tashmoo wished to have the race on Lake Huron, where the water is considerably deeper than in Lake Erie, but the owners of the City of Erie preferred Lake Erie and their choice was almost disastrous. You will remember that the Tashmoo chose the outside course, where the water is from 3 to 4 fathoms deeper than on the inner course left to the City of Erie. For the first hour and a quarter the boats ran neck and neck, any advantage for either being almost impossible to determine. At the expiration of this time I went to the pilot house to look at a Nicholson patent log, which shows the speed per hour being made by the boat, as well as making at the same time a chart of the speed. To my consterna- tion, the pointer on the dial commenced to rapidly fall from 21.6 miles per hour, and as I had just left the engine room a few minutes before with engines running all right and making thirty-three revolutions, I at once jumped to the conclusion that something had happened to reduce the speed of the engines and I hastily returned to the engine room to find the engine close shut off and making almost 34%4 revolutions, indicating shoal water. A look out of the gangways proved this to be correct by the sea following on the quarters. The Tashmoo, at this time in deeper water, immediately commenced to gain on the City of Erie rapidly and- held the gain for some time. As soon as the City of Erie reached deeper water, however, she began to gain on the Tashmoo, but to those on the Erie it seemed a long time before the Erie reached and passed the Tash- moo. It was a full half hour before the 21.6-mile mark on the dial was again touched by the hand, and not until 70 ft. depth of water was reached - did the City of Erie attain the highest speed of the race, 22.2 miles per hour. Mr. Kirby's diagram of curves of speed, power, slip and of depth of water shows at a glance the effect of the shoal water. This makes it very clear that had the race been in deeper water the difference at the end would have been more than 45 seconds, but 'all's well that ends well.' You will note that the 'City of Erie had not been dry-docked, had arrived in Cleveland from Buffalo on her regular run with passengers and freight only four hours before the race commenced. So far as the engine and boilers are concerned there was absolutely nothing done to prepare the boat specially for the race, because there was nothing needed to be done. The officers and crew had everything in proper condition. The City of Erie went from regular business to a great trial, returned the 95 miles to Cleveland, and in a short time, as soon as passengers and freight could be placed on board, left for Buffalo again on regular business. Machinery designed for a maximum of 4,500 H.P., developing under these conditions a maximum of 6,800 and an average of 6,400 H.P., like Mark Twain's jumping frog, has 'good points.' "Let me call your attention to one more interesting item of Mr. Kirby's paper, which has nothing to do with the race: Amount of coal used for round trip, 350 miles, 175 miles each day, 67%4 tons of 2,000 Ibs. each; amount used for same round trip made in twenty-four hours, 55 tons. This latter was made during the summer months of the year when these boats, City of Erie and City of Buffalo, made regular day and night trips between the cities of Cleveland and Buffalo at an average speed of about 18% miles an hour. I have no indicator cards showing the exact power developed, but 3,300 to 3,500 H.P. must be necessary and this gives a small consumption of coal per horse power per hour. " The difference between the 55 tons and the 6714 tons per round trip is caused by keeping up steam all day in port when only a night trip is made and the moving o ne boat from place to place at Cleveland to put freight and coal aboard." 'Mr. Taylor's calculations of the City of Erie's performance differed from Mr. Kirby's in the following degree: . Kirbv's, Taylor's Tene P EP cylinders.) a 2,004.6 1,981 EPs Cylinder: so eauie ec 6G ie ee 4,467.7 4 436 Total ee ee 6,472.3 6.417 ) Oo P.oner square footeal.ctate, 2c 2.0 25.68 25.46 Heating surface per I.H.P. square foot....... 1.79 1.8 I.H.P. per 100 square feet of wetted surface... 00.66 50,23 Distance in'statute mules 25... 94 9414 Speed in istatute miles) 3 21.76 21.88 DecCn KNOteh.,s, sree 18.899 19. Slip of wheel over bucket, per cent ........... 35.65 So.o2 Mr. Andrew Fletcher, Jr., called the attention of the society to the fact