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14 LAKE SHIP YARD METHODS OF STEEL SHIP CON- STRUCTION. : BY ROBERT CURR. The turning of the frame, Fig. 54, shows the bottom framing and Fig. 55 the top side framing. This method of framing makes an easy combination for laying off the work, but discrepancies' will occur if care is not taken to lay out all the parts on the floor. TAE MarRINE REVIEW frame channel on the top) sides is opened. In the forebody of the ves- sel itis similar, the frame flange 1s -opened and the floor closed to suit the tapering in of the vessel. The heel of the channel frame and ~ channel floor remains at the frame spacing throughout and any changes made are made on the inside of the vessel. The frame space between Nos. 94 and 95 remains the same but the 77 76 S5- ou a : a -- 56 --36- Se) aw feo ser - 36° -- ae = 36 -- ae Fig. 54, the floor channel is spaced 20 mm apart from so. ft:. forward 'to 447 ft. aft. The top side frame being riveted to the floor, the frame from the keel to the spar deck is a straight line. In this case of a frame turning it takes place at No. 95. The channel floor is looking aft in the afterbody and the frame looking forward in the same body. When the frame leaves the parallel part of the vessel, or dead flat part, the channel floor flange to the shell plating is closed and the frame holes are a greater distance apart than the other spacing, which necessitates the changing of the rivet hole pitch on the seam in this space. The bottom plating will require inway of the channel floors the widening of the pitch of riveting, while the space above the floor where the frame turns will require closing up, Fig. 55. If the shell plating was butted in the middle of the space there would be no change made in the length of the plates, but as a rule the butts are made between two rivet holes, taking the butt nearer the heel of the frame than the flange. The plates are always butted between the opening in the space or half way between the heel and edge of flange of the frame. In the bottom the plate which crosses the frame turning space will - require to be lengthened, while on the side of the vessel the plate will be shortened to suit the frame arrange- ment. The lap butt plating is more in vogue now and with the exception of the keel and sheer strake the plating is all lap butted. In this case the change of the frame is more noticeable because in the forebody the inside plate is carried right up to the edge of the flange on the side and the heel of the floor on the bottom, this allows the plate to be pushed up the thickness of the over- lapping one, this allows the seam of the plating in the lap space to be eas- ier faired up. 'On the bottom, Fig. 54, the inside plate would require to be made long- er where the frame turns, while on the side, Fig. 55, the plate would be shortened. The outside shell plate is butted on the line of the heel at the opposite end of the frame space to the inside plate on the bottom, Fig. 54 in 'the afterbody and the edge of the frame in the forebody. On the side, Fig. 55, the shell plate lap butt of the outside plate will -be cut to the line of the heel of the frame in the forebody and the line of the edge of the flange in the after- body. ~ The sight edge of the lap is always seen from the after end of the vessel and the inside plate lap edge is the width of the lap away from the frame and the outside in line with the frame. This enables a suitable liner to be fitted between the plates and facilitates the fairing up of the shell plate seams. This is about all to be considered on the shell plating where turning is resorted to. Referring--to Hig. 54, it will be noticed that care must be taken in placing the brackets on the various angles in order to have the angles Square across the ship and _ parallel to each other. On the center keelson the vertical angles are all arranged to suit the bracket plate on the chan- nel floors. This bracket is 7-16 in. thick so that one angle is kept that distance away from the other angle which is in line with the channel floor, as shown at Nos. 93, 94, 95, 96 and 97. At the turn of the flange, 95, the space is shortened up the two thick- nesses of the brackets, being 35% be- the frame