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34 243. What is the true bearing of St. Mary's river lower ranges? 244. What is the correct magnetic bearing of St. Mary's river 'upper ranges? 245. What is the true bearing of Bernard ranges? 246. Bound up and having stern of your boat on Bernard ranges your steering compass reads NWN, how would you steer with same compass and boat in same trim to a point one mile north of White Fish point lighthouse? 247. Bound down and heading on Bernard ranges, what turning mark would you use to bring head of your boat on St. Mary's river upper ranges? 248. Bound down and heading on St. Mary's river lower ranges, what turning mark would you use to haul around Point Au Pins? 249. Bound down Soo river with stern of your boat on Point Au Pins ranges your compass reads NExE, how would you steer with same com- pass and boat in same trim from Du- luth harbor entrance to a point two miles NxW%2W from Devil island lighthouse? 250. Explain how you would come to an anchor to the south of Point Iroquois shoals with a deep-loaded vessel after running back from White Fish Point to secure shelter from a NE gale: QUESTIONS FOR OILERS AND : WATERTENDERS.--NO. 1g. 180. What would be the contents of a bunker in square feet, height of which is 25 ft. amidship, length fore and aft 12 ft., width or beam of ship et top 50 ft, at bottom 24 'ft., a line drawn hovacislite halfway to the top being ae Tir 181. What proportion does the area of the steam pipe bear to that of the cylinder, if the diameter of pipe is seven inches and the cylinder 35 in.? 182. An engine that indicates 400 H. P. uses 21 Ibs. weight of steam per horsepower per hour, the boiler is 16 ft, by 14 ft. at the water level---the glass indicates six: inches of water, how long will it be before the water will be out of the glass? 183. Supposing. you Race 149 gal- lons of oil to run down, you have a circular tank 37 in. diameter and three inches high, will it hold same? . 134 There are 185 sq. ft, of. flat -surface to be stayed the pressure of 'steam -to be carried is 80 lbs. per square inch. There are seven rows of stays 10 stays in a row allowing 6,000 Ibs. per square inch section of stay, TAE MARINE REVIEW what will the diameter of stay be? 185. What is meant by circulation in a boiler and what are the results of defective circulation? © 186. What is the measure. of a horsepower? How is indicated horse- power ascertained? 187. What is back pressure in a cylinder, and how. much is generally used in the high and low-pressure cylinders? 188. What is meant by "speed of piston?" About how much is the speed in the modern marine engine? 189. What is meant by "cutting off steam?" Describe a riding cvt-off valve." QUESTIONS FOR MASTERS AND MATES.--NO. 23. 340. If your boat burns 1.8 lbs. of coal per indicated horsepower, . and consumes 1,500 lbs. per hour, what 'is the indicated horsepower of engines? 341. If 1,500 Ibs: of coal per. hour be required for a speed of 12 miles in a moderate -breeze and smooth sea, how much is required for a speed of nine miles under the same conditions? (Note--The rule is that the indi- cated horsepower (or coal consump- tion) varies with the cube of the speed of the engines.) : 342, What 'is a- Mercator projec- tion? a : 343. Is the rhumb or straight line course on a Mercator chart on the earth's surface? 344. How does it differ from the actual conditions? . 345. What is the shortest "distance between two places on the earth's sur- face? 346. What is the ae distance between two points on a-plane surface? 347. Do you have to change the rhumb course in order to sail between any two points on the earth's surface? 348. How is it possible by steering the self-same course to go from place to place what lie on the arc of a great circle from each other? . 349. Which is_ the shorter the rhumb course or the great circle track? 350. Why is it necessary to keep changing the great circle course?, gnr. ds the creat ciccte' track of any advantage in lake navigation? -- 352. Why.not? 353. About how much distance is _ saved between New York and Liver- pool in using the great circle course instead of the rhumb course? 354. A steamer is supplied with fuel sufficient for. 2,000 miles at a speed of 12 miles, at what reduced speed must she steam to cover 3,000 miles? straight . (Rule--Multiply the original dis- tance by the square of the original speed, and divide by the new distance. The square root of the product will be the réquired speed.) ---- SHIP BUILDING. AT BALTI- MORE. Baltimore, Md., Dec. 12--Work in the local ship yards is now somewhat slack though the placing of orders for three tugs by the Standard Oil Co. with the Skinner Ship Building & Dry Dock Co. is looked upon as a good omen and that there will be many more orders find their way here during the next few weeks. McIntyre & Henderson are now get- ting out the material for a steel tug that will be 105 ft. long and it is un- derstood that it is for a local firm. Thomas McCosker & Sons have Standard Oil barge No. 77 on their dock for overhauling. _ At Beacham's yard the United States survey steamer Bache is on the rail- way fon overhauling by McIntyre & Henderson who have the general con- tract. ? ~ Booz Bros. have the contract for re- pairing lightship No. 80 but the job is a small one. W. E. Woodall & Co. have in dock the schooner Stillman F. Kelly, of Thomaston, Me., for caulking all over. The Spedden Ship Building Co. has been awarded the contract for repairs to Lightship No. 7, their bid being $r1,- 215:25. Booz Bros. bid $1,415 and the Marine Railway, Machine & Boiler Works, $1,835. _ John Flusky is making repairs to the Degnon Contracting Co.'s dredge Ed- _ward S. Walsh. Oliver Reeder & Son launched a 29- foot harbor lighter for M. W. -Adams -and laid the keel for a duplicate. BIG TUGS FOR COAST TOWING. The Shipmen's & Merchants' Tug- boat Co., of San Francisco, are hav- ing built at Camden, N. J., two tow boats which will be the largest and most up-to-date vessels of the class on the Pacific Coast. The work was begun on one of the boats about six weeks ago, and now the frame is well under way, while the keel for the sec- ond boat was very recently laid. Both will be completed by the first of next May, and will come out to San Fran- cisco together. They are to be used in general coast towing. The new tugs will each have a length of 150 ft., 27 ft. beam, and 17 ft. depth of hold. The engines will be triple expansion using oil as fuel.