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'DEVOTED TO EVERYTHING AND EVERY INTEREST CONNECTED OR_ ASSO- CIATED WITH MARINE MATTERS "ON THE FACE OF THE EARTH. Published every Thursday by The Penton -- Publishing Co. - CLEVELAND. BOSTON NEW YORK DULUTH. PHILADELPHIA CHICAGO : ; PITTSBURG a 'CINCINNATI © : , Correspondence' on Marine Engineering, Ship Building and Shipping Subjects Solicited. Subscription, $3.00 "per. annum. x Countries, $4.50. Subscribers can have ad¢resses changed at will. Change of advertising' copy: must reach this office on Thursday preceding date of 'publication. -- The Glevéland News :Co" will supply the trade . with the Martine Review through the. regular channels of the American _. News :Co. European Agents, The International News Company, Breams Building, Chancery Dane, London,- E.. C: England, Entered at the Post Office at Cleveland, Ohio, as Second Class Matter. February 7, 1907. SENATOR JACOB H. GALLINGER In its current issue the Marine ReE- VIEW begins a series of original portraits . of Americans distinguished in shipping and its allied industries. The purpose is to present these men in the habit as they live, and to that end the series will rep- resent them as they go about their daily It has been thought fitting to begin the series with the portrait of Sen- ator Jacob H. Gallinger of New Hamp- shire, the foremost figure in the fight for the recognition by the government of business. the rights of American shipping on the high seas. The portrait was taken in his committee room in the senate chamber. Senator Gallinger has been a consistent advocate of the extension of the protec- tive policy to shipping since he entered public life. He was the chairman of the Merchant Marine Commission, composed compensating advantages to Bo. Foreign THE MARINE REVIEW of five senators and five representatives, which made a tour of the country in the summer of 1904 for the purpose of, inquiring into the necessity for the ex- tension of governmental aid to American shipping' engaged in the foreign trade. The mass of invaluable data which this commission collected was due to the en- 3 ergy with which Senator Gallinger con- ducted the investigation. Testimony -was taken on the Atlantic and Pacific coasts, No oné can read the three volumes in which this testimony is published without being on the great lakes, and on the gulf. convinced that the sole hope of Ameri- can shipping oversea is the granting of surmount the artificial handicaps placed upon it by our fiscal policy. Senator Gallinger was born on a farm in Cornwall, Ont., March 28, 1837, being one of twelve children. He received a common school and academic education and was a printer in early life. He stud- ied medicine and was 'graduated with honors in 1858. Following the profession of medicine and surgery at Concord, N. H., from April, 1862, until he entered congress, having a practice which ex- tended far beyond the limits of his state. During his career as a physician he was connected with various medical societies and was a frequent contributor to med- ical literature. He was a member of the house of representatives of New Hamp- shire in 1872, 1873 and 1801. He was a member of the state senate in 1878, 1879 and 1880. He was chairman of the Re- publican state committee from 1882 to 1890, when he resigned that place, but was elected to the position in 1898, be- ing re-elected in 1900, 1902 and 1904. At the Republican National Convention of 1888 he made the speech seconding the He was chairman of the New Hampshire delegation to the Republican National Convention at Philadelnhia which renom- inated President McKinley, and again headed the delegation to the national convention in June, 1904. He was elect- ed to the forty-ninth and fiftieth con- gresses, but declined renomination to the nomination of Benjamin Harrison, fifty-first congress. He succeeded Henry W. Blair as United States senator and took his seat March 4, 1891. He was re- elected in 1897. by the unanimous vote of the Republican members of the legisla- ture and the votes of five Democratic - members. He was re-elected in 1903, the first time in the history of the state that anyone has been elected.as United States senator for three terms. On this occa# sion he obtained the unanimous vote of the Republicans and the votes of. three Democrats. REPAIRS AT SEA. With the various engineering papers and magazines giving accounts, from time to time, of breakdowns at sea, the reader ashore "sathers in" the knowl- edge, in peace and comfort, that the en- gineers at work on the breakdowns ac- quired at the cost of many hours' loss of sleep, many hours of starvation, and many hours of anxiety. : Sometimes these accounts will be ac- companied by diagrams of the engine rooms with illustrations of the break- downs and the methods of repair. Sel- dom, if ever, do we hear of the various ways. and means attempted, the ways and means which, somehow or another, didn't work. These the engineer seldom men- tions, beyond speaking 'of them regret- fully as so much time lost and so much labor wasted. Why this should be the case only the engineers themselves know, as it often happens that the repairs which were first attempted were the outcome of some clever thinking and though in- effectual in this particular case, might have been a, perfectly satisfactory repair under other circumstances. An ehgineer, sitting for his second- class Board of Trade certificate in Lon- don, some years ago, was asked by one of the examiners how he would under- take the repairs in the case of a break- down temporarily disabling his ship. The type of breakdown, of course, was given. In examinations of this kind, break- downs and repairs are one of the main features, the engineer giving an account of his experiences, breakdowns and dif- ficulties, and methods adopted to repair or overcome the latter. This usually leads to a searching inquiry (part of the "verbal" examination) on the causes of the breakdowns and difficulties, and why these particular methods were adopt- ed. supposed to be able to give a satisfactory account of the steps he would take to meet any difficulty which might arise. In addition to this, the engineer is This, to say the least, is a large propo-