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ke COURT DECISIONS. CONSTRUCTION OF CHARTER PARTY.-- A yacht was chartered for a specified sum for a portion of the year 1905, the charter providing for a deduction from the consideration in case the yacht from any accident arising from any defect therein should be disabled for a period of more than 48 hours. The charter also provided that the owner agreed to let, and the hirer agreed to hire, the yacht for the time specified; that the owner should fit out the yacht, and hand her over to _the hirer, tight, staunch, strong and in every way fitted for service, and pro- vide an efficient crew, clothe them, and pay their wages; that the owner should assume the responsibility of fire and marine risk, and the hirer should be responsible for any injury amounting to less than $100, should pay the run- ning expense of the yacht other than the wages of the-crew, and should have control of the captain and engi- neer with authority to discharge them. Under this agreement the district court. for Maine held that the contract was a letting of the vessel, and not a mere contract of service, so that the charterer became the owner for the voyage. : USE OF IMPROPER APPLIANCE IN UN- LOADING.--Where a_ vessel undertakes to furnish tackle for loading and dis- charging cargo, it is under duty to use reasonable care to provide such as will meet the requirements placed on it by the -stevedores in conducting their work in the customary manner. The _district court for the eastern district of New York holds that where steve- dores who were discharging a cargo of sugar, with the knowledge of the vessel's officers, substituted for a wire fall provided at one hatch to hoist cargo from the hold a rope fall used at another hatch for a different pur- pose, which was of insufficient strength and broke when a sling caught under the hatch coaming, the vessel is liable for an injury resulting to a stevedore working in the hold. DUTY TO CARE FOR INJURED SEA- MEN.--The United States court of ap- peals for the third circuit holds that a seaman injured in the course of his employment by his own negligence does not thereby forfeit his right to ' cure and maintenance at the expense of the vessel, where the injury was not caused by his gross negligence or will- ful neglect of orders: The case also holds that the obligation of a vessel to furnish medical attendance, etc., to a seaman injured in her service does not end with the termination of the voyage, where there was not sufficient THE MarRINeE REVIEW . time or facilities for the vessel to have then. performed its duty. TOWAGE.--A case before the circuit court of appeals for the second circuit: holds that a tug is not liable merely because a tow was injured while in its custody, but in an action against it to recover: forthe injury, the burden rested upon the libellant.to affirmatively prove negligence or fault, which cannot be presumed merely because the injury is not otherwise accounted for. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. Editor Navigation Department.--lI wish to thank you for your very clear explanation of my question answered in Martne, Review of April 18. I un- derstand that this problem may be worked without the traverse tables, chart and parallel ruler, to this? Detroit, Mich., April 29. Answer--It may be done as shown in the following illustration: Explanation--Draw an east line of a lemeth of 15 equal parts, A -to. B: erect a perpendicular, or north line A MATE. a What is there © ture may be solved in a similar man- ner. Note.--It is well to know that the radius of a circle is always equal to a chord of 60°, or two-thirds of 90°. That is to say, if it were desired to lay off an arc of 60°, or an angle of 60°, all that would be necessary would be to take the length of the radius be- tween the points of the dividers and lay it from any point of the circum- ference desired and wherever the other point touches the circumference meas- ures an arc of 60° or an angle of 60°. See illustration. To know this will be found convenient in many. other ways, all of which will suggest them- selves with a little practice in problems of this nature. One-sixth of the radius of a circle equals 10° on the circum- ference; one-twelfth of the length of the radius equals 5° of its circumfer- ence. TABLE OF AIR VOLUME. C. H. Kuderer, general manager of © the Avonmore Mine Fan Co., Avon- more, Pa., has compiled a table of air C Le BC. Connect the ends of these two lines by a straight line, CA. This last line represents the course and distance back to the starting point after hav- ing gone 15 miles east and 25 miles north. To ascertain its length meas- ure it by the same scale of equal parts that the other two lines were measured - by. With the length of the north line as radius describe a circle that will pass through the beginning of the north line (B). Next divide the circle into points, the same as laying off the points of the compass. Where the line CA intersects with the circumfer- ence drawn represents the course to be steered from C to A, or the course back to the point of starting after hav- ing gone 15 miles east and 25 miles north. Any size circle may be drawn to get the division of the points of the compass. Other problems of this na- a aa O \(y ' Oo = 9) QC, Vv e : 0 sy : O ; On 9) x o} : : Sey £ 2 co In py ow por ° Fe G 62 we 3 A ISM. EAST. B . 'from its extremity of 25 equal parts, volumes through air ways in' cubic feet per minute. The table is handy and ready reference for engineers who meet with problems of air. -transmis- sion through large air ways. As an examnple:. How mich air C. Po -can be passed through an 8 x 8-ft. air way under 3-in. W. G. Air way 5,000 ft. long? Looking in the table we find under 3 in. and opposite 8 ft. by 8 ft. volume 76,800 C. F. For air way 5,000 ft. long volume = constant X 76,800 = 76800 < 0.45 = 34500 C.F. 'The table is for sale by E. E. Meyer, Alle- gheny, Pa, at 25 cents: . A new coast chart in colors of Lake Superior (No. 4), showing the coast from Big Bay Point to Ontonagon, Mich., including the Keweenaw penin- sula, has just been issued by the United States lake survey and is for sale by the MARINE REVIEW.