The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

four points from: north and from south, which is termed: the meridian of. the compass; or what is the same thing, these are the points from. which all courses are reckoned. 10. Answer.--2'4 points. 11. Answer--When the wind comes over her starboard side,' and her sails belly out to port. A vessel can be on the starboard tack running closehauled or free; but the "rules of the road" con- sider it thus: A vessel is:on either the port. or starboard tack when she has the wind forward of abeam, and is' running free when the wind bears'anything abaft the beam. The fog signals for these conditions being as follows: starboard tack with the wind forward of abeam, one blast of: her fog horn; if on the port tack with the wind forward of abeam, two blasts of her fog horn; and when running free with the wind abaft the beam, three blasts of her fog horn. All sailing vessels do not lay as close to the wind when closehauled, consequently the. law says anything forward of abeam. This. is allowing for anything under 8 points, that is, anything less than 8 points from the direction of the wind. Exam- ple, the wind is north, hence a sailing vessel heading on any course between north and west would be on the star- board tack and she would have to blow one blast of her horn'in thick weather. Bear this in mind. | . 12. Answer--The direction of the wind is east, and she will head SE x S on the port tack. To get the direction of the wind from the ship's head by knowing how close she will lay from the wind, count from. the ship's head to the right for: the . starboard "tack, and to the left from the ship's head for the port tack. This vessel works in 10 points, that is, five points on either side of the wind. Five points to the right of NE x N is E, and five points to the "sleft-of SE x Sis. H.: Knowing how close .a vessel will sail from the wind, double this up and count to the right 'from the ship's head on the starboard tack to get the direction she will head in on.the port tack. Hence, in the above example, twice 5 is 10, so that if we count 10 points to the right of the ship's head (NE x N) on the starboard tack it brings us to SE x S. From the port tack to the starboard tack, count to the left from that point of the compass is _ heading on when on the port tack. Ten points to the left of SE xs Peres us fo, NE x NW. is announced of Capt. The death George McDougall, master of the steamer Athabasca, plying between Fort William and Owen sound. Capt. McDougall' was regarded as one of the ablest captains. sailing on Lake . Superior. Tf on. the . Michican: City,: Ind.,' and Col. "TAE MARINE. REVIEW AROUND THE GREAT LAKES. The D.-& Giosteamer 'City of Mackinaw, will go into commission June 15. The schooner Houghton was dam- aged to the'exterit of $2/000 by *smash- ing into the dock at Sarnia. It is reported that the Grand Trunk railway intends to build another large car 'ferry slip at' Grand Haven. Sixty-seve electtic lights are being installed on posts on piers at the en- trance to the' Duluth ship canal. Repairs to the steamer Byron Whitaker following. her collision with the steamer John C. Gault will cost about $10,000. Car ferry Pere Marquette No. 18 has been sold to the Graham & Morton Transportation Co, The ferry is now running permces Manitowoc and Luding- ton. . ; The new stentner W. Bo Davocek left the St, Clair yards 'of the Great. Lakes Engineering Works June 10: on het maiden trip bound for ce ae to load coal: : Capt. Edward Robinson, who for many years commanded the old pas- senger boats sailing from Sarnia, has been appointed superintendent of the Point Edward elevator. Col. M. B. Adams has been relieved of charge of the government work at oWins> Hi: Bixby, government engineer at Chicago, will hereafter have supervision of it. Thomas. Barlum and others of Detroit . have given contract to the American Ship | Building Co. for a freighter to come out in 1908, to be 500 ft. long -over all, 480-ft. keel, 52-ft. beam, and 30 ft. deep. The steamer Utica, of the Western Transit Co.'s line, has gone into dry dock at Buffalo for repairs. of her plates, must -be replaced as. a result of 'striking at Horseshoe reef. The steamer Cartagena, which was sold by Capt. James Davidson, of the Chesebrough Steamship Co., of Bos- ton, is now on her way to the coast, having received her salt water equip- ment. at the Davidson yard. President James General Manager Robert Logan, of the American Ship Building Co., are at present making a tour of inspec- tion of the plants operated by the company. They will visit Datuch this week. The steamer, Harvard of the Pittsburg Steamship Co.'s fleet, in passing through the draw of the Cherry street bridge without the aid of a tug, ran on the em- bankment and blocked traffic across the draw for about two hours. No damage was done. The steamer Wm. Chisholm, which struck a rock in Sandusky harbor, $1.17. per ton: Several. C. Wallace and | the Cunard Steamship Co. 25 was docked at Lorain for repairs, It is quite likely thatithe Chisholm will leave. for the coast as soon as she is fitted for salt water service. The deal for her purchase has practically been concluded. The Lake Erie Dredcine Co. -was the lowest bidder for remov'ng the shoal just outside the main or north en- trance of Buffalo. harbor. The Buffalo Dredging Co. was the lowest bidde for dredging about 100,000 cube yards in front of the Lackawanna and. Buf- falo & Susquehanna Steel companies. Vesselmen represent that a winding basin' is badly needed at the . Way lock, Cuyahoga river, so that boats that trade. tothe. Central Furnace dock can wind... Large carriers .are now visiting that plant and they have to be towed down the river stern first, which is always difficult. and fre- quently dangerous. The bids received by' Major Graham D. Fitch; government engineer at Du- luth, for placing rip rap on the break- water at Ashland were as_ follows: Powell & Mitchell, Marquette, $1.25 per ton; A, Donald & Co., Ashland, Alex. Sand, Duluth, 99 cents per ton; Northern Dredge Go; Duluth, 97 cents per ton. Groundings in 'the Cherry " street bridge draw-at Toledo have been fre- quent of late. The steam freighter Harvey D. Goulder ran aground in the east channel last week and blocked traffic across the draw for a couple of hours. The Cherry street bridge is practically the only means of com- munication between the two divisions of the city and any delay is therefore of serious inconvenience to the town. Thomas S. Christy, who recently died at Detroit, was at one time presi- dent of the Hope Transportation Co., Detroit. He was also a mémber of the old firm of Hodge & Christy, who were widely known as builders of marine engines. Later he became president of the Frontier Iron Works. NO RATE WAR. The threatened rate war between and the German lines has blown over and the officials of the Cunard line have an- nounced that the differences regard- ing the Mediterranean-American traf- fic, which had arisen from the pay- 'ment of such large comm'ssions for passengers by the Italian lines, had been settled, and therefore the Cunard line is not to take the initiative in inaugurating a rate war in which the rate of passage was to have' been reduced to $15 had not an _ under- standing been reached. --