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MAYTHAM'S HOPPER BOTTOM BOAT. In the accompanying illustrations are given the designs for a new type of hopper bottom vessel, that, because of its economy, safety and strength, is expected to work a decided change in the construction of grain, ore and Q 'Hf ly : ! iy THE Marine Review duced by virtue of the peculiar con- struction required by the hopper com- partments, which will render the ves- sel very rigid and make it practically free from vibration, or weaving. These braces consist of diagonal cross trusses Supporting the deck and being an ele- ment in stiffening the construction A SECTIONAL VIEW OF MAYTHAM HOPPER BOTTOM BOAT. coal handling freighters. This vessel, which was designed by George W. Maytham, of the well-known family of lake transportation men of Buffalo, is shortly to be built and paced in ser- vice on the great lakes. Among. the advantages claimed for it are that it will be more economi- cal than the present type of freighter, Owing to the saving in time and labor effected in unloading; that it will pre- vent shifting of cargo; make a strong- er and more seaworthy vessel, being practically unsinkable, ithe construction being equivalent to having collision bulheads; all resulting in a material reduction in hull and cargo insurance rates. The hold of the vessel, instead of being one long compartment or a se- ries of square spaces separated by bulkheads, is comprised of any desired numben of hopper bottom compart- ments, each separate from the other anl extending the width of the ship. Their bottoms are 3 ft. lower than that of the hold of the present style of freighter, so there is no sacrifice in space. There can be no loss in the shipment of grain from wetting of cargo and as many different consign- ments can be carried as there are hoppers. The hopper system also per- mits the shipping of different grades of the same material in one cargo. A new system of bracing is intro- fore and aft. Fewer hatches will be required and those used will be 24 ft. centers. Such provision is made for water ballast in the spaces between the bot- 71 sented, however, is that the vessel can be unloaded much easier than the old style, as the sloping sides of the hop- pers cause the load to seek the center of the bottom of each hopper, auto- matically trimming 'the vessel and keeping its freight exactly where the elevator leg or clam shell can reach it. This not only dispenses with a great deal of manual labor, but, as in the case of coal, obviates the necessity of shoveling. The success of the hopper system is assured, it having already been favora- bly demonstrated in actual trial, where only two sloping sides have been used. The unanimous opinion of those who have been consulted is that the vessel will be one of strength, dis- patch and economy. The idea is pro- tected by patents in the United States and foreign countries and the rights held by the Automatic Transfer Co., Buffalo, N. Y. HOISTING SAILS BY GASOLINE POWER. It may not be generally known that gasoline power is already used exten- sively in the place of steam on vessels for hoisting sails, anchor and cargo, also for pumping water, but this is true of many vessels engaged in the Atlantic coasting ttrade. In many cases it has been difficult to obtain crews on vessels worked by hand power, which has led the V / | hy I fl, 6 CROSS SECTION OF MAYTHAM'S HOPPER BOTTOM BOAT. toms of the various hoppers and the sides of the vessel as will enable it to go light in any kind of weather, the ballast being bulkheaded to prevent shifting. The one great advantage repre- owner to install gasoline power, be- cause it was cheaper than steam and would do the work just as well. Further, the invention of Gray's patent windlass attachment made it possible to connect power to any style