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26 A feature which will commend the work to those people ashore who have to struggle with Spanish cor- respondence is the inclusion of sev- eral pages on this subject, covering the proper forms of addresses, salu- tations and terminations. Altogether a very attractive and valuable com- pendium. IMPROVING CHICAGO'S LAKE FRONT. Lieut. Col. W. H. Bixby, govern- ment engineer, under date of May 22, 1906, made a report upon Chicago har- bor which is quite pertinent to the present movement projected by Mayor Busse to prevent the park commission from taking entire possession of the strip of lake front extending from. Twelfth to Fifty-sixth street, as noted in the Marine Review of Jan. 9 last. After discussing the fact that pro- tests against the flow of water through the Chicago river for sanitary pur- poses by vessel interests were really against a feared impending danger rather than a trouble actually realized, he says: But if complaints have been urgently jpre- sented in the past at Chicago with an allowed flow of 4,167 cu. ft. per second, there is no doubt but that further and numerous com- plaints must be expected when the total volume of flow shall be doubled, although the veloci- ties to be met by a single boat passing through any unobstructed portion of this river in fu- ture years will still be very small, owing to the new clear widths and clear depths being so great as to make the new cross section of the river at constricted places more than double the old cross section. Future trouble in the Chicago river, due to the currents caused by the drainage district diversions, will be due not so much to the actual volume of water passing as to the fact that the public expects from the Chicago river today the per- formance of three entirely different functions, viz., (a) service aS a sewer to carry off water freely, (b) service as the main wharfage area or principal dock or slip of Chicago harbor, and (c) service as a canal for free passage of boats from one end of the harbor to the other, including probably, in a few years, Service as the most important portion of the through canal or water route from Lake Michi- gan to the Illinois and Mississippi rivers. The Chicago river, even after enlargement to 200 ft. width and 26 ft. depth, according to the present plans of the sanitary district, will have all it can do to properly fulfill either one of the above functions alone, and it can not reasonably be expected to properly fulfill any two of such functions, and much less to ful- fill all three together. After discussing the flow necessary for drainage purposes, he says: I can see no use of Chicago river as a harbor or place for wharf frontage unless boats can stop and tie up somewhere, nor unless they can pass each other to get to their place of wharfage, and on a stream like Chicago river the wharf owners on each side of the stream must be entitled to equal privileges. This means that there should be room for one boat to tie up on each side of the river and room for at least a third boat to pass. The Chicago boat owners claim that the Chicago commerce has been seriously crippled because the tunnels prevented passage of boats drawing over 16 ft.; that boats less than 45 ft. beam are going out of existence on the great lakes, and that Chicago harbor must provide future facilities for boats of 45, 50 and even 60 ft. beam. I therefore assume in the following discussion that the advantageous use of Chicago river by boats must require preparation for boats of from 40 ot 50 ft. beam and 800 sq. ft. of wetted cross section when loaded. A mere dock or boat slip of three or four boats' length (say 2,000 -ft.) should, for advantageous use by 50-ft. beam TAE Marine Review boats, have a clear width of 175 ft. if straight, and 200 ft. if at all curved, to allow of a boat tied up on each side and of one boat at a time entering or leaving the slip, allowing a few feet between them for free mo- tion; but if the boat slip be more than 2,000 or 3, 000 ft. in length, it should, for safety of navigation and economy of time, be 50 ft. wider, so as to allow of four full-sized boats of sanitation, he says that only three remedies present themselves--first, to limit the flow; second, to widen the river, and the third, to move the Chi- cago harbor out of the river into the lake. The first, of course, would les- abreast, twa at wharves and two passing in ' : : mid-stream. sen the efficiency of sanitation, the As Chicago river, south branch, including : F ; ; : 1 its west fork up to the drainage canal en- second is practically impossible owing EVANSTON A pecan ne tae i MAP 4 eel e SHOWING PROPOSED 4 LZ, Ges HARBOR YES Te 4 "yp FOR 4 Y, CHICAGO Se Yj, SCALE Ve Yd MILES . HEAVY LINES ALONG SHORE SHOW PORTIONS OF LAKE FRONT - WHICH MAY BE USED FOR PARK PUR- POSES. PORTION ENCLOSED BY . PROPOSED GOVERNMENT BREAK- . WATER AND ALONG LAKE FRONT Wi FROM 12™ST. TO 56™ST. SHOWS Vy 7 OULD BE USED ce, Pea acute merece 'PARK PURPOSES. LINCOLN PK) = = mS ' Wy HUMBOLDT PX. G) a 0 X B 38 \a \ WD CHI CAGOFIVER GARFIELD ; N L o ~ "i274 st. rs > n-n=---4 ' tiie iw DOUGLAS PK. 2 Se lee A PS te sire S iv Ce fi sd ae ¥ rte z _ Si me a | n a . Z ; Y ' a als ' be™st \\\- ee x NOTE = - oe PRESENT PARKS SHOWN] WASHINGTON P! I : SG IN BLACK & BOULEVARD. CSON-| <1 NECTING THEM SH ' ji BINGE R NES (ieee MARQUETTE PK. B SACKS ON \\ SR N PROPOSED NEW Wea: i SITES SHOWN BY SH DED! 1 O at 4 AE = ~_ SECTIONS. 1 \\ x. s d ly \\ rs ; WE "A \ ie Yt \ + a Ye r Ss i mee ee eee ee we we ee ee ee " Ody ) CALUMET Y Vs \ HARBOR iN "ha . CALUMET RIVER oe ken \ Sk, 1 Vs a: Yi ASE We \ Lg | RO, te ecleeneel He WAG SS oes 2 a| sat 8 oot Ws tl z nas Weg la | z Ne of trance, is about 5.57 miles long and only 200 ft. wide, and not straight, it is at present not wide enough for use as a boat slip or harbor for 40 to 50-ft. width boats, except in alternate sections of half-mile lengths, and it can not advantageously be used even in that way for harborage purposes, except by boats of less than 40-ft. beam. Even then; as soon as one boat ties up at a wharf and a second boat tries to pass it, the current velocity in the south branch, with 8,000 cu. ft. per. second drainage flow, is liable to increase to 1.8 miles per hour (2.6 lin. ft. per second), and when three boats are abreast the current is liable to imcrease to 2.4 miles per hour (3.5 lin. ft. per second). With four boats abreast the current is liable to reach 3.6 miles per hour (5.3 lin. ft. per second). After discussing the limitations im- posed upon the Chicago river as a navigable stream and the necessities to the high price of river bank prop- erty, the third he believes to be the proper place for the harbor and can be developed there in a practical man- ner at little cost. The Great Northern railway has prepared plans and specifications for a great elevator to replace Elevator A which was burned in the early part of November at Superior. It is in- tended to make it the largest single grain elevator in the world with a ca- pacity of nearly 4,000,000 bu.