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establishing a harbor of refuge on the north shore of Lake Superior. . Major Fitch sent out letters to about fifty firms living on 'the north shore of Lake Superior and requested their opinion upon the subject. Eighteen of them replied. All of them, with one or two exceptions, believed that an additional harbor of refuge was needed, seven favoring Two Islands as a location, five Beaver Bay, two Split Rock, one the bay on the east side of Grand Marais Harbor, and one thought it should be located half way between Two Harbors and Grand Marais. Major Fitch concludes after an examination of the subject that there are only two sites, which by lo- cation and physical features, are at all adapted for the construction of a har- bor of refuge. These are Two Islands and Beaver Bay. He does not think, however, that a harbor' could be con- structed at either place except at enor- mous and practically prohibitive cost that would be of much use to the large class of freighters now doing business on Lake Superior. Many of the larger class of freighters now find it difficult to get into Two- Harbors in a hard northeast storm whete the width of opening between the break- waters is 1,300 ft. He believes that fog signals would be of more real as- sistance than a harbor of refuge, say-. ing: "Many large vessels have been stranded on the north shore between Duluth and Grand Marais, but this has almost invariably happened when the thick weather occurred along with a -severe and ptotracted northeast storm, so that vessels were blown out of their course and were not able to determine their position. Besides this, there is a good deal tof local attrac- tion of the compass at several points along the north shore, a description of which may be seen in Lake Survey Bulletin No. 17, pages 15-18, and this has probably drawn 'the vessels ashore in some instances when 'they were already 'out of their course and near the north shore. What would be of moze use than harbors of refuge to the larger vessels in stormy thick weather is a number 'of fog signals: to warn them away from the shore, and so distributed that they would al- ways be within hearing of some one of them. For refuge the large vessels would rather run in behind the Apos- tle Islands than try to make a small harbor along 'tthe north shore. On this point see tthe remarks of the board of engineers already quoted. "There have not been any great number of disasters to the coasting vessels in the past due to a lack of the Great 'TAE. MARINE. REVIEW places of refuge, considering the num- ber of trips made along the north shore. These vessels are at no 'time farther than 40 miles from one of the existing improved 'harbors, and at a less distance from some of the small bays or islands where some protection can be had, and navigators have learn- ed to govern themselves accordingly." AROUND THE GREAT LAKES. The bulk freighter J. J. Hy Brown wll be launched from the Lorain yard of the American Ship Building | Co. on Saturday, Feb. 8. The annual ball of the Cleveland lodge of the Ship Masters Associa- tion wll be held at the Chamber of Commerce on Friday of this week. The Southern Pacific Co.'s new tur- bine steamer Creole recently complet- ed a round trip from New York to New Orleans. She was given quite an ovation as she left New Orleans. First Lieut. George R. Spalding of the engineer corps of the war depart- ment has been transferred to the lakes asa assistant. fo .Cols@natlesm ks L. B. Davis, government engineer at De- troit. Detroit local No. 3, Marine Engi- neers' Beneficial Association, have re- moved their headquarters to 62 Grand River avenue, third floor. The first meeting of the season will be held Dec. 18: H. S. Noble has been appointed as- sistant manager and Paul D. Chand- ler general freight agent of the Mu- tual Transit Co., with headquarters in the Prudential building, Buffalo, N. Y. Capt. Edward Chambers. of Mack- inac Island, who has kept the light at Standard Rock, Lake Superior, for the past 12 years, has been transferred upon his own request to the light at Windmill Point, Detroit river. The steamer George C. Howe, of Lakes &, st. Lawrence Transportation Co.'s fleet, sank at a dock at Kingston last week. The steamer is in shallow water and can * be floated without much trouble. The annual wage conference be- tween 'tthe Great Lakes Towing Co. and representatives of the Licensed Tugmen's Protective Association and the tug firemen and linesmen will be held in Cleveland late in February. At a meeting held by Detroit lodge of the Ship Masters' Association this week a resolution was adopted asking that Washington be fixed as 'the place to hold all meetings of the Grand Lodge of the association. The car ferry Manistique No. 1, which sank in the river at Manistique, has been floated and taken to the Muil- waukee dry dock for repairs. Capt. 29 ' Frank Root of the Great Lakes Tow- ing Co. superintended the patching of the break in the car ferry preparatory to the trip to Milwaukee. Capt oW. (Ge Richardson taste organized his business under the name of W.C. Richardson & Co.,,tak- ing in partnership with him Messrs. W. E: Chapman, 0 He Raynes (Glare ence. -E, Richardson "ands iota em Kelley, who have been for a number of years engaged with him in his office. At the annual meeting of tthe Li- censed Tugmen's Protective Avssocia- tion held at Detroit this week, T. V. O'Connor, of Buffalo, was elected president; Owen McAntee, St. Joseph, Mitch? = Wan. Ele North, esbacie alee F. Burrows, Duluth, vice president; H. H. Vroman, Buffalo, secretary; Peter Gagnon, Two Rivers, Wis., treasurer. The Canadian Ship Building Co. has sold its entire Toronto plant to A. Berg & Sons, Toronto, manufacturer of brick machinery, and will concentrate its operations at the Bridgeburg, Ont., plant, where it controls 125 acres. The reason assigned for the sale is that the machinery does not suit mod- ern requirements, being inadequate for the engine work for large steamers. Berg & Sons will remodel the entire establishment and turn out brick-mak- ing machinery employing from 200 to 300 men. -- An examination from which to es- tablish a list of persons eligible for appointment as assistant lighthouse keepers in the Tenth lighthouse dis- trict, which includes St. Lawrence river land Lakes Ontario and Erie, will be held in the office of the light- house inspector at Buffalo, N. Y., on Feb. 15, 1908. Forms of application for examination may be had upon a 'request addressed to the lighthouse inspector at Buffalo. The age limits are from 18 to 40 years. In the case of persons honorably discharged from the army or navy of the United States the maximum age limit is 50 years. The following officers were elected by the International Brotherhood of Steant Shovel and Dredgemen: Presi- dent, Charles Reese; vice presidents, C. E. Newell, Robert Farrell, John Gillooly, William Raines, Alex Laing, Bert Saint John, J. A. Johnson, George Disbrow, S. Cheek and Joseph Painter; secretary-treasurer, T. J. Dolan; direc- tors, L. -R. Scudder, William Bates, lvichael McGinnis, red Brennan, Wil- liam Russell. The annual conference between the dredge contractors on the great lakes and the brotherhood dele- gates will be held in Detroit, Feb. 10. po: igs