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1902] MARINE REVIEW. ward and aft. The casements are protected by 5 in. of steel and the armor is carried athwartships at each end of the battery as a safeguard against raking fire. The 9-in. and 6-in. belts of armor are also carried athwartships to connect with the armor of the barbettes, thus forming a completely inclosed armored citadel amidships. At the four corners of the superstructure deck, above the central citadel, are four 6-in. rapid-fire guns, of which the forward pair can be trained dead ahead and the other two dead astern. These guns are completely protected with armor vary- ing from 5 in. to 2 in. of steel. Forward of the central battery on the gun deck are four 3-in. rapid-fire guns, each with a protection of 2 to 3 in. of casement armor, while aft of the battery are six rapid-fire guns of the same caliber. The main deck is flush throughout the ship and is broken only by the amidship superstructure. Forward and aft of the superstructure are two elliptical balanced turrets, carrying 10 in. of Krupp steel. In each turret are placed two 12-in., 40-caliber, 'breech-loading rifles of the standard type manufactured by the Russian government. Both the turrets and the guns are operated electrically. The roof of the turret, which is of 3-in. Krupp steel, is slightly curved t6 clear the muz- zles of the guns when the latter are elevated or depressed. There are twenty-six smaller guns mounted on the boat deck, the bridge and the fighting tops. Forward and aft on the boat deck there are distributed twelve 3-in. rapid-firers, while on the forward and after bridges, imme- + partments. Each group consists of four boilers, placed in pairs opposite each other, with a firing floor 'between; the remaining two boilers are placed facing either the forward or after bulkhead, as the case may be. The coal bunkers are between the boiler room and the ship's side, and extend the whole length of the boiler room and up to the protected deck. The stowage capacity of the bunkers is 2,200 tons, but the running capacity would be about 2,000. The boilers are connected to three smoke- stacks, eight boilers to each stack. The tops of these stacks are 100 ft. above the grate surface, and their diameter is 9 ft. 10 in. The Pusey & Jones Co., Wilmington, Del. A 'busy ship yard is that of the Pusey & Jones Co., Wilmington, *Del. From a general machine shop employing ten men it has grown into a ship building plant employing from 700 to 1,000 men. Reference to the summary will show that the company has a great deal of work on hand. The plant at present covers seven acres of land with a wharf frontage of 1,400 ft. On the main wharf are immense four-leg lifting shears, with a lifting capacity of 100 tons. There are a dozen or more shops equipped with powerful tools and modern machinery, both electric and pneumatic. About 290 iron and steel vessels have been built in this yard and about 900 steam engines, for land and marine service, and the company has the Photograph copyrighted by E. Muller, Brooklyn, N. Y. ' THE SAN FRANCISCO CLIPPER ST. DAVIDS. diately above these, are eight others of the same caliber. These guns have a range of fire from dead ahead to abeam. There are also six 1-pounders in the two fighting tops. With such a numerous rapid-fire battery, a specially large supply of ammunition has to be carried, 2,400 rounds being supplied for the 6-in. guns alone. Three hundred and eight rounds are carried for the 12-in. guns. Electric ammunition hoists are installed throughout the ship. The engines are two in number, located in water-tight compartments. They are triple-expansion. The cylinders are 3814, 59 and 92 in. in diame- ter, and the stroke is 42 in. When operating at 120 revolutions per minute the indicated horse power will be about 8,100 each, making a total of 16,200. Stevenson link-gear is used. The high-pressure cylinder is fited with one piston valve, the intermediate with two, and the low- pressure cylinder with four. A separator of a centrifugal type is placed in the main steam line between the boilers and the engine-throttle valve. The condenser is of the surface type, with centrifugal circulating pump, and the Snow admiralty-type air pump. The discharge from the air pump passes through a sponge filter placed beneath the condenser, then into the hotwell. From the hotwell the water is taken by a vertical pump and forced up to a feed tank placed over the engines. From the feed tank the water passes by gravity through a closed heater to the suction line of the main 'boiler-feed pumps, which are located one in each stokehold on the starboard side. The auxiliary pumps are located on the port side. one being placed in each stokehold, as is the case with the main-feed pumps. In the discharge line of both the main and auxiliary-feed pumps is a grease extractor, consisting of filters of burlap or sacking material. The boilers are twenty-four' in number, with a heating surface of 2,222.64 sq. ft. each, making a total of 53,343.36 sq. ft. heating surface. The grate surface is 55.56 for each boiler, or a total of 1,333.58 sq. ft. The boilers are divided into groups of six, separated by water-tight com- distinction of having built the first iron sailing vessel constructed in the United States, a speedy schooner named Mahlon Betts, launched in the year 1854. Another notable craft of its yards was the steel yacht Voluri- teer, the fastest sailing vessel in the world, and which a few years ago defended in the international races and kept on this side of the water the America's cup. The making of paper machinery is a feature of this com- pany also. Union Iron Works, San Francisco. _ There has been little change in the plant of the Union Iron Works of San Francisco since the admirable description published of it in the last ship building number of the Review. New construction undertaken during the year includes two large armored cruisers, the California and | South Dakota, contracts for which were made in January, and the large 9,800-ton, 22-knot protected cruiser Milwaukee; also three caissons, two for the Russian docks at Port Arthur and one for the new dock of the San Francisco Dry Dock Co. Several improvements have been made in the plant with a view to increased economy and superior workmanship. Five of the boilers supplying the works with steam have been put on Cali- fornia crude oil and have been found quite satisfactory. This oil is taken to San Francisco by rail and stored in two 27,000-gallon tanks, placed below the earth, and surrounded by a concrete wall, the oil being pumped to a heater in the fire rooms and from there to the boilers. The company has also installed an Acme gas plant for the ship and engine smithies, having a capacity of 175 fires. While this plant has not as yet been put in operation the company hopes with it to increase the output of its smithies and to improve the class of workmanship. A new building slip has also been added to the ship yard, 550 ft. in length and 80 ft. wide, which will enable the company to take on ships of the largest dimensions.