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"TRAE MARINE. REVIEW : 21 cause he is outside of the range of the regular or the private navigation school. It is for this reason that the Review is to publish this course of instruc- tions. Following is a brief description of the first lesson in navigation: The subjects in arithmetic contain nothing but such matter as will be useful to the student in his subsequent studies, and in his career as a practical navigator. No previous knowledge of arithmetic is necessary beyond the four fundamental rules--addi- tion, subtraction, multiplication and division. The scientific formulas upon which the various problems are based are not considered, but clear, common- sense explanations are given in their stead, so that the subjects, become intelligible to even those who know nothing of arithmetic beyond its fundamental principles. The first 'lesson--arithmetic--is in four parts; the first portion deals with the circle and shows the re- lation and application of the degree and its divisions with the points of the compass, and the addition, sub- traction, multiplication and _ division of degrees, minutes and seconds of the circle are fully explained. The second and third portions of the first lesson con- sist of a full and clear explanation of fractions and decimal fractions, and the fourth part is a paper on simple proportion, or the rule of three, as it 'is called in navigation. In these subjects the important facts that form the ground-work of navigation are stated clearly, concisely and completely. T[lustrations and diagrams are used to make the text easier to understand. This is absolutely all the arithmetic that the beginner need know in order to start the learning of practical navigation. It is the only and proper method of beginning the study. Students who have tried to learn navigation from other navigation courses of study, which, in the very go-off start the student to learning algebra, geometry and mensura- tion, will appreciate the arrangement and system of our study. Mensuration and the rudiments of geom- etry 'and algebra are included in our course, but they are not given to the student until such time as they can be applied to the study of navigation. This portion of.the arithmetic is published in and among the les- sons and is learned piece-meal by the student, and only as he progresses with his navigation. By such method the student can plainly and readily see where this part of mathematics is utilized. Many marine men and others who tried to learn navigation have experienced this difficulty and were compelled to flounder through intricate examples that seemingly had no bearing or relation to navigation, and instead of the study being a pleasure it became a burden. -- The New Bedford Steamboat Co., of New Bedford, Mass., is having a new steamer built for the run between Cutty-_ hunk and Nonquit. The steamer is building by the Robert Palmer & Sons Ship Building & Marine Railay re Noank, Conn., and. will be called Gosmold, . The. new. vessel is 119 ft. 9 in. over all, 24, ft. molded beam. and 9: ft, deep. She will be supplied with two fore and aft. compound | engines, Ik and, 25 in. cylinder diameters | by 16-in. stroke, built. by. Steam will be = Supplied by James H. Paine, Noank, Conn. two, Almy water- -tube boilers. AVERAGE DEPTH OF WATER PER MONTH. Naturally great interest attaches to the stages of water in the great lakes since, with the increased capacity of the ship an inch or two of added depth means considerable more cargo per trip. Through the courtesy of Supt. Joseph Ripley, at the Sault and Lieut. Col. Charles E. L. B. Davis at Detroit, the Marine Review is enabled to present tables showing the average depth of water per month for the pastiten years, at the two most important points on the lakes--the Poe lock and the Lime Kiln crossing. These figures will hereafter be given annually for the benefit of vessel owners. DEPTH OF WATER IN POE LOCK. MONTHLY AVERAGES FROM DAILY READINGS. Year |April | May Tune | July | Aug. | Sep. Oct. | Nov. | Dec. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. Ft. 1896 yea eke Pe arene: [ecmeoeres 20.48 | 20.84 | 19 88 | 19.78 | 19 69 1897 | 19 36 | 19.82 | 20.22 | 20.63 | 20.80 | 20 60 | 20.31 | 19 99 | 19.77 ° 1898 | 19 33 | 19.61 | 19.99 | 20 35 | 2.39 | 20 30 | 20.10 | 19.96'| 19.89 1899 | 20.01 | 19 94 | 20 47 | 20.84 | 20.98 | 21.01 | 20.70 | 20.44 | 20 37 1900 | 19.82 | 19.70 | 19.80 | 20.18 | 20.52 | 20.94 | 21.02 | 20 86 | 20.59 1901+} 20.11 | 19.96 | 20.20 | 20.89 | 20.60 | 20.17 | 20.08 | 19.72 | 19.42 ° 1902 | 18 76 | 19.09 | 19.81 | 19.74 | 19 86 | 19.80 | 19.47 | 19.41 | 19.16 1903 | 18.95 | 19.33 | 19 55 | 19.84 | 19.97 | 20.08 | 20.01 | 19.71 | 20.31 1904 | 20.08 , 19 93 | 20 46 | 20.62 | 20 70 | 20.77 | 20.77 | 20.43 | 20.29 1905 | 19.89 | 20 04 [| 20.29 | 20.70 | 20 75 | 20.78 | 20.72 | 20.48 | 20.14 DEPTHS IN THE CHANNEL AT LIME KILN CROSSING, DETROIT RIVER DUE TO FLUCTATIONS IN THE WATER SURFACE FOR THE PERIOD 1857 TO 1905 INCLUSIVE Mean depth, in feet, at Lime Kiln crossing Month 1897 | 1898 | 1899 | 1900 } 1901 | 1902 | 1903 | 1904 | 1905 April 18 5 | 18.7 | 18.4 | 18 4] 17.6 | 17.8 | 195 | 19.5 | 18.2 May 18.8} 19.0:) 18.% [218,84 18 18.3 619.69)-10521.30 0 June 18.9} 19.1 | 18 9 | 18.9 | 18.2 | 18.6 | 19 4 | 19.9 |\ 10.4 July 19.0 | 19.0 | 18 9 | 18.6] 18.4 | 19.2 | 19 4 | 19.9 | 195 August 18.8 | i8.8 | 18.7 | 18.7 | 18.3 | 19.2 | 19.2 | 19.6 | 19.4 September 18.5 | 18 4 | 18.3 | 18.4 | 18.2 | 18.8 | 19.0 | 19.3 } 19.1 October 19.1 | 18.2 | 18 1 | 18.2] 17.8 | 18.7 | 18.6) 18 9 | 18.6 November 1.7 | 17.9 | 18-0} 17.7 | 17.54 18 £81 | ae 4 | 18.0 December 108 | 17.9.) 17.0) 17.8 WITS (AS 2 eat ie oi) 18.3 Note ---During 1897 and 1898 the place of limiting depth was at Ballards Reef, Detroit river where the depth was about 1.5 feet less than that at Lime Kiln crossing During 1899 -1901 the place of . limiting depth was at Amhertsburg Reach, Detroit river where the depth was about 0.5 feet less than that at Lime Kiln crossing. The reports from the regular and display stations of the weather bureau indicate that the cold weather and northerly winds have made material change in the ice conditions of all the lakes except Ontario. In Superior the fields moved to the extreme. western end with northeast winds, but have moved out again; there is more ice reported over the middle section of the lake; over the eastern portion the field ex- tends from Whitefish bay westward to beyond Point Sau- ble. Solid ice extends from Point Iroquois to Detour in the St. Mary's river. In Green bay the ice has increased in thickness. In Michigan ice fields are reported over the ex- treme southern portion and along.the east shore to the Straits. reported last week and is solid. In Huron there is more new ice in Thunder bay and the field over the southern portion is intact and extends beyond vision. The ice bridge in the St. Clair river is solid. The western end of Erie is covered with an extensive field and all stations along the south shore report that the ice field extends beyond vision; no change over the eastern end. No fields are reported in Ontario. In comparison with same period last season there is less ice in all lakes and it is not so heavy. The condition reported this week is the most serious of the season. The ice at the Straits is more extensive than was