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18- The same with a leg. If the injury is a simple fracture, that is, one where the skin is not broken, put the cloth- ing back into position, make the limb as straight as possible, and apply a splint made of a piece of board, a piece of prop, or cap piece, and place alongside of the limb and tie it on with several handkerchiefs or with several turns of lamp wick; this will meet all requirements until aus is removed to his home. If the limb is teenuiee and bleed- ing, put a tourniquet above wound. This may be made of one or two handkerchiefs folded diagonally, passed around the limb and loosely tied with a reef knot; then a _ stick passed through and used as 'a windlass handle, twisting the bandage tight enough to stop all bleeding; for the stick you can use a sprag or a piece split off a cap piece; secure the end of the stick by tying 'another handkerchief around it and the limb. "If. your emergency box is at hand, you can use the muslin pieces in place of the handkerchiefs. Cover the mangled part with clean gauze from the box, over which place some. cotton, then bandage, after which, you may apply a splint the same as in.the simple fracture, and you are ready to move your man. In cuts about the limbs where there is profuse bleeding but the bone is not broken, put on the tourniquet the same as with a mangled limb, dress the wound with gauze ant cot- ton, bandaging tightly. In small cuts where the bleeding does not come from a large vessel, an ordinary gauze and cotton dress- ing with tight bandaging, making pressure directly over the wound will stop the bleeding and meet all re- quirements. If the injury consists of a cut about the body or head, cover with a clean piece of gauze and bandage tightly. The.most handy appliance is one of the squares of muslin folded corner- ways and tied over the dressing. If the bleeding is rather profuse, make pressure with your hand over the dressing that covers the wound, and in a few minutes you will have the hemorrhage controlled. The next thing to look after is the general condition. If inclined to faint, lower the head, or rather raise his lower extremities and give him from one-half to one teaspoonful of the aromatic spirits of ammonia which is one of the promptest and safest stim- ulants we have. THe Marine. REVIEW Do not give whiskey or brandy ex- cept by direction of a physican. If he vomits, do not raise him from the horizontal position, but turn his face to one side. Here let me warn you against rais- ing a patient to a sitting position if sick or faint. I have seen some of the most alarming conditions arise where some friend has persisted in raising and supporting the head oF a fainting person. If the victim has a friend that must hold something, let him hold his feet. _ I don't remember of ever seeing a faintihg person revive until he had been placed in a horizontal position or with head lower than the body. The next step is to get him out of the mine. Here is where many mis- takes ate made. The patient is gen- erally loaded in an empty car and several are huddled around him and he in a half-sitting position, is brought outside. He who comes out in good condition is indeed lucky. Every mine should have one or more cars built for no other purpose than to be used to get the injured outside. They should be long, low and flat, wide enough to place two stretchers on side by side, having spring supports for the stretchers. Such a car will save many a poor fel- low's life and will get him in the hand of a surgeon in much better con- dition. : The stretcher should be light, but strong, and built to take up as little Space as possible. A' very practical one could be made of l-inch gas pipe, making a frame. 18 in. by 6 ft., in which a piece of canvas is laced with a clothes line. An inch space be- tween the edge of the canvas and the side pieces would give the space nec- essary for the hands of the carriers. No patient should be moved until he is placed on this stretcher unless it is impossible to get the stretcher to him. After he is on the stretcher, you can strap him to it and then it is an easy matter to carry him any distance by using relays. By sending for the car as soon as the accident happens, you can have it near by the time you have him dressed, and if he has been properly taken care of, you need not hurry to get him out, and in that way avoid all unnecessary jolts, which have a ten- dency to increase shock. We will now consider burns. It matters but little to the first aid about the different degrees of burns, as the first aid treatment for all is the same, viz.: remove all burned clothing and apply something to exclude the air, Jf any of the clothing sticks, don't pull it loose, but cut around it, leaving it for the surgeon to remove. After you have the clothing removed from the burned area, cover it with carbolized vase- line from the emergency box, over this lay your lint and bandage, If on the limb, with roller bandage. If on the body, use one or more of the muslin squares. Place him on the stretcher, cover him well, and remove to the outside. Other dressings to burns which give great relief, are baking soda moistened and applied; also carron oil, which is made by mixing raw linseed oil and lime water half and half. 'With this you can saturate your lint and lay it on the burn, finishing your dressings, as I have described. Keep a burn away from the heat, and in no case give whiskey, as it has a tendency to bring the blood out to the surface, and in this way increase the pain, We will next consider what I be- lieve to be the most important part of this subject: Electric shocks. With the advent of electric haulage, came a large death rate from this cause, which I believe can be greatly reduced if we can teach those in charge the proper way to handle them. A_ prominent electrical engineer made the statement _ to me, that as a rule, it showed gross negligence to have a death from shock of less than 600 volts. While I do not fully agree with him, I believe that the majority of the deaths from this cause can be avoided if proper restorative measures are used at once. Ordinarily, if a man is knocked down by 'the wire, his companions look him over hurriedly, and if he is not breath- ing he is declared dead and hauled out of the mine. A physician is called, who, upon arrival, finds that the man is dead. Generally speaking, you have no right to suppose that any man 'is dead who comes in contact with a wire, un- til some time has elapsed following the contact, or after all methods of re- suscitation have failed. Because he does not breathe, is by no means a sure sign of death. Neither is a sure sign of death if you cannot hear his heart beat. His heart may be weak, and in the excitement, you do not hear it. I have had many cases reported to me "his heart was beating when I got to him, but it stopped shortly afterwards." That case could have been saved, but was allowed to die because his com- panions, or those in charge, had never