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PIG IRON SITUATION. While the advance made during the three months has _ been maintained, but little more has been accomplished in September. While some sales of pig iron have been made in the east, aggregating about 75,000 tons, yet buying is not The market in the central west preceding gen- eral. has been extremely quiet, and in the south prices are firm, and in compe- tition with the northern product are higher fon many delivery points. The coming of cold weather has had a tendency to hasten building op- erations and specifications against steel contracts have been coming in freely. Railroads have been buying both. cars and 'car fittings in- fair quantity, but rail contracts are small. There is some inquiry for furnace coke for next year, but sellers are not disposed to make contracts so far bar in advance. DETERMINING A STEAMER'S SPEED: | -The occasion often arises when we wish to determine the probable speed of a steamer, given the revolutions, pitch and slip of the propeller.. The following rule gives a quick mental method of solving this problem which will be found to be accurate within 3 per cent in all cases and within 1 per, cent in most ordinary cases: Rule--Given the pitch of propeller in feet per revolution, the revolutions per minute and the slip expressed as a decimal. To find the speed of the steamer, multiply the pitch by. the revolutions. Subtract 0.10 from the given slip and multiply the difference by the product of the pitch and revo- - lutions, then subtract this product from the product of the pitch and revolutions and the difference will be the speed in miles per hour. For example. Given 225 R. P. M., 8-ft. pitch and 20 per cent slip. 225 X 8 = 1800. 0.20 -- 0.10 = 0:10 and 1,800; Xx 0.10 = 180. Now 1,800 = 180 = 16.20 miles per hour. Proor- 225. <8 1,800 ft. per minute with no slip. 1,800 X 60 + 5,280 = 20.40 miles per hour with no slip. 20.40 X 0.80 = 16.32 miles per hour with 20 per cent slip. This shows the error of the short method to be 0.9 per cent in this case. The above rule may be more com- pactly expressed algebraically as fol- lows: Let N Riek, Ma slip expressed as a decitnal, P. Pitch, Then, speed = (N X P) -- (S 0.10) (N x P), Ih TAE Marine Review AROUND THE GREAT LAKES. The steamer. F. G, Hartwell, which stranded in St. Mary's fiver, will be docked at Ecorse. The dredge Gladiator, owned by M. Sullivan, of Buffalo, burned at the mouth of the Detroit river this week. She lies in 15 ft. of water, The steamer Wawatam of the Pittsburg Steamship Co.'s fleet, bound from Milwaukee with coal, went ashore on Poe's Reef. The wrecking steamer Favorite was sent to her re- lief. The steamer J. H. for Calumet with coal, miles north of Calumet. The steamer Alfred Mitchell pulled on her, but could not release her. She will have to be lightered. The William Cramp & Sons Ship & Engine Building Co., Philadelphia, Pa., have acquired: all of 'the Zoelly turbine rights for this country and are prepared to construct the Cramp- Zoelly turbine for marine propulsion. Wiade, bound stranded 16 The steamer Tempest No. 2 and barge ©. Ge King, owned by the Grace: 'Harbor Lumber: Co. 01 Dey troit, have been sold for $15,000 to Seymour Wells and oe iE Jy ber of Tonawanda. The Grand Trunk railway has bought the car ferry Manistique. The Manistique was built in Cleveland in 1903 and has been running between Manistique and Ludington. The Grand Trunk will put the car ferry on the Milwaukee-Grand Haven route. The barge Atmosphere was crushed by the steamer Republic while lying at the Solvay Process Co.'s dock in River Rouge this week. The Atmos- phere is owned by the Marine Con- tracting Co. of Port Huron. She will be repaired at Port Huron. The steel steamer Frontenac of the Cleveland-Cliffs fleet went on Parisian Island last Sunday. The wrecker Favorite has been sent to her relief. The Frontenac is loaded with ore and her forward compartments are full of water. As she lies in an exposed position it is feared that she may be badly damaged. The barge Montezuma in tow of the steamer Amazonas struck one of the steel dredges belonging to the Dunbar & Sullivan fleet in the chan- nel at the Limekiln crossing this week. Three spud anchors on the dredge are broken and she is leaking. The steamer Sonora, aground near Harbor Beach, was released in rec- ord time by Capt. Alex. Cunning, mas- ter of the wrecking steamer Favor- 29 ite. It was necessary to jettison about 1,000 tons of ther ore cargo, Two of the Sonora's forward tanks were punctured and an air compres- sor was put aboard to keep the water out. The Sonora was taken to Cleve- land and put in dry dock. At the close of navigation for the season of 1908, the light exhibited at Eagle River light station, located on the western bank at the mouth. of Eagle river, northern shore of 'Ke- weenaw peninsula, Lake Superior, will be permanently discontinued. The steamer Calumet of the Lack- awanna Steamship Co.'s fleet, bound down with ore, went aground at the head of Stag Island, St. Clair river, this week: She ts out about: 2' ft, The: tue A. © Harding and lighter Rescue are working on her. The steamer Lyman C. Smith of the L. C. Smith Transit Co.'s fleet hit the west pier at the entrance to the Canadian canal at the Sault this week and sank in 24 ft. of water with a hole 3 ft. wide and 20 ft. long in her side. Her cargo of ore will be light- ered after which she will. be patched up and pumped out. The steamer Arthur H. Hawgood, which stranded on Cathead Point, Lake Michigan, was released by the wrecker Favorite after jettisoning 600 tons of her coal cargo. The Favor- _ite released her in less than 12 hours, though car ferries and government steamers had pulled on: her without baing able to move her. The. wooden steamer Neshoto of the Gilchrist Transportation Co.'s fleet, which went ashore at Crisp Point, Lake Superior, Sunday after- noon, is a total loss. Her crew was taken off by the life savers from Crisp Point station. The stranded freight- er. was pounded to pieces in a north- west gale. The Neshoto was built in 1889 for Robert R. Rhoades and was one of the best wooden freighters on the lakes. She was 284 ft. keel and 42 ft. beam. She was not -insured. It. is interesting to note that car- goes of coal have been transferred from Cleveland to Buffalo by water. The steamer H. G, Dalton carried her second cargo from Cleveland to Buf- falo last week. The coal was shipped to Cleveland from the West Virginia district and the Dalton received 20 cents per ton for delivering it to the Lackawanna Steel Co. at Buffalo. This combination rate is said to work out 75 cents a ton cheaper than the all-rail route.