The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

To illustrate paper on " Recent Inventions as A pplred to ! by W Carlile Wallace. Esq.. Member "TAE MARINE REVIEW Modern Steamships,"' STO wives To surr REQUIRE MENTS. | + dis L 4 of + ot ' | & x». OR. en Te ed | . POSITION OF ENGINE ' eS CAN O84 VARVEO Tro SuIr | 1 ot REQWREMENTS . I '| este AEM EN TS A ie ll H ' Hor- Hi + Be ES 44Ve. | se a OF SEATING NM CX { -=9 2 © © @ 9 @ s eras a9 9 Satna. ai 929-8 @ 9 0 6 6 © Q 6 ' Cosa eies ee > aN r ; +14 cvaIn ORM VE aa _ ' oa 4 ee Vida oe i SEATING ' ' A ' wx : Ly ee : 1 ' ' were ena ties THE FOLLOWING TO BF i RECEIVE) ' SVPRLIEO ANOQ ©'°7T TED AIR PRESSURE TO DRUM : Br THE SwreaviiOges, @ t WwO WL ALSO GREC?T ' TIE EX PLLL ere se SEATIVGS, CAS'VGS, DISCWARGE me, / < PIPING TEES ANO ! covwecrvovs. WATER sPRAY kis. ---- ees. FORTAALS ~omwe Bai ce / Aes VE z QRIE AMX . ae HOPPER DANO GEA TO GATE VALVE. | . "TT OIS CHARGE TUAL ------- SAN OF VESSEL SIDE WEN SWEWING 4/2 RPEMOVEO AVO PORTA S8LE MORPPER IN POSITION. FRONT VIEW SNEWING £10 CLOSED OOWR WHEN EXPELLER 'S NOT IN USE, GENERAL ARRANGEMENT OF ASH EXPELLER, can be kept comfortable, even in the most sweltering weather, partly due to cooling, but mainly due to the de- creased relative humidity. The use of electricity as a heating. medium in the first class state rooms of ocean liners has largely increased in the last few years, owing to the fact that it is by far the cleanest and most easily fitted of any system, doing away with all steam pipes, valves and other objectionable fittings. On the other hand it possesses one serious drawback, and that is its cost. The cost of electrical heating may be set down at from 10 to 12 times greater than steam heating. For this reason, an instrument which will control and prevent the waste of electric energy when used for heating must be of considerable value. This is the function of the Geissinger electric thermostat, and although sensitive in the highest de- gree, it is absolutely unaffected by vi- bration due to the principle involved in its design, which is entirely differ- ent from the ordinary electric ther- mostat, which latter instrument is so sensitive to vibration that when near- ing the critical temperature the tre- mor in a city building due to the traffic is sufficient to destroy the. con- tacts and burn out the switches in a few days. It is therefore needless to say that it would be quite useless on board ship. To maintain a temperature of 70° Fahr. in an ordinary outside state room on an Atlantic liner during the coldest weather encountered on the northern track, it is necessary to sup- ply a 1,200-watt heater, which heater is much too large during nine-tenths of the time during which artificial heat is desirable. Careful tests on the Oceanic have shown that when the regulation of the temperature is left to the passen- gers themselves, the current used varies but little whether the atmos- pheric temperature during the voyage has been above or below the average, and is in all cases higher than ought to have been necessary to maintain the rooms at a reasonable tempera- ture, showing vety conclusively that the heaters are switched on at the be- 31 ginning of the voyage and left on, the temperature being regulated by opening the doors or side light if ad- missible, so allowing the heat to es- cape. On the other hand, if the heaters are automatically controlled by a thermostat, the moment the room reaches a given temperature the heat- er is switched off and remains off till the temperature has dropped not ex- ceeding 2°, when it is again switched on, maintaining an equitable tempera- ture in the room and effecting thereby a saving of about 50 per cent in heat- ing current. es _ DISCUSSION. Mr. HucM, <Pleason:. 1 want 'to make a remark or two in reference to the author's statement on the bot- tom of page 2. He says that electric- ity has been used with considerable success in this country in the opera- tion of water-tight doors, but he rele- gates it to a second place on ac- count of the. many objections to the use of electricity which appear to him. I think you will all agree there are defects in almost any system - that can be devised, and especially are there some defects in the hydraulic service. For instance, the pressure at which the system is operated is 700 pounds. That high pressure is hard to confine, and considerable trouble is had with the water cutting the valves. It was very difficult to keep the valves tight, and I do not think it is quite fair to the electrical sys- tems of operating water-tight doors to give it such a black eye, because other systems have the same _ ob- jections. There is another remark there in that connection, which was about to escape me. Of course, it is a good _ thing in any system to have two ways of doing it. If the hydraulic system is so sure as the advocates of it claim, why is it that they have an auxiliary means of operating it by steam, which the hydraulic system has,--they have an auxiliary to be operated by steam in case the hydraulic fails. That would hardly indicate that they feel so sure of the hydraulic operation. Mr. William J. Baxter: I would like to know what objection the auth- or has to following the practice on the Mauretania and Lusitania, of heat- ing and cooling the air before it is forced into the-- The Vice President: Are there any other questions or remarks on this subject? Mr. James W. Kellogg: I went over one of the ships of the United Fruit Co., where this system was in-