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November, 1909 "TAE Marine ReEvIEw U. S. Freer Coiier, VesTAL. View oF Forwarp Deck, SHowinc CoAL-HANDLING GEAR, an inhaul, and then lowered into the holds by the hoisting rope, when operation of unloading is repeated. For each hatch there are provided two winches, built by the Lidgerwood Mfg. Co, New York City, and shown in the accompanying illustration. For the ten hatches there are, consequently, 20 of these double-cylinder double-drum machines. The cylinders are 84 in. diameter by 10 in. stroke. A bronze Pinion on the crank shaft engages with the forward drum gear, which in turn drives the rear drum. The drum gears are of cast steel, and both, as well as the pinion, are machine cut. The handling of 180 tons per hour per hatch necessarily means very - tapid handling of the winches, and the features which make this possible ' ployed, are, firstly, the type of friction em- and secondly, the arrange- ment of levers. The method of oper- ating is as follows: One winch per- forms the swinging or hauling out operation, the other the hoisting and lowering. The swinging winch is placed at the outboard corner of the hatch. The hoisting winch is located nearly amidships, and although prac- tically identical in construction, the method of operation is entirely dif- ferent. On the swinging winch the two drums merely take in or pay out the inhaul and outhaul ropes which sway the bucket over the side; con- sequently, the manipulation of the winch is merely one of rapid reversal, and the frictions are locked perman- ently. The hoisting winch, however, 427 Tequires separate movement of the drums for hoisting and opening and closing the bucket. The operator therefore uses the two friction levers and the throttle pedals, but does not have to reverse his machine, control- ing the lowering entirely by the fric- tion. The construction of these fric- tions is said to be novel. They are wholly metallic and the result of many years experiment. The contact surfaces are flat and highly polished. One face is constructed of a series of metallic segments of a special com- position, bolted to the gear wheel. The other is a steel ring bolted to the drum. The engagement is effected by the standard Lidgerwood friction screw and pin, 'but the very small movement required to disengage the polished flat surface is an important element not only in reducing the labor of winch operators but in con- ducing to high speed of operation, as the lever movement is very small in- deed, even with the use of a fine threaded screw and long lever. As can be seen, the friction levers are brought to the front of the machine in pump handle fashion, so that there is one lever under each hand of the operator. The upright lever shown serves to reverse the machine. The throttle is controlled by foot pedals. Two band brakes are provided, but merely for emergencies. For all ordi- nary purposes the regular frictions are used. The operator therefore does not need to remove his hands at any. time from the friction lever hand!es throughout the entire cycle of operation of a (bucket. The stearing gear consists of a Hyde steam screw steerer, with en- gines 10 x 8 in. and telemotor to pilot house, flying bridge and top of after deck house. Hand _ steering wheels are also fitted in* connection with the steering engine. The propelling machinery consists of two three-cylinder triple expansion engines 22 x 37% x 60 in, with a stroke of 42 in. On trial the engines of the Mars developed 3,818 I. H. P. with 93 R. P. M., and a working pressure of 200 lbs.. at the throttle. In the fire room are four single ended boilers, 15 x 10 ft., 9 in. long, and one donkey boiler of same type, 8 x 10 ft., 6 in. long. The main boil-: ers have each three 44-in. diameter Morison furnaces, and the working pressure is 200 Ibs. The total grate surface is 234 sq. ft., and the heating surface is 12,200 sq. ft. The Howden heated draft system is fitted. The condensers, as shown = are