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May, 1910 TAE Marine REVIEW The Panama Canal HE Isthmian Canal Commission has just issued a little brochure on the Panama Canal, setting forth its salient features as a matter of general information. From this brochure the following facts have been extracted: The entire length of the Canal from deep water in the Atlantic to deep water in the Pacific is about 5014 miles. Its length on land is about 4014 miles. In passing through it from the At- antic. to the Pacific, a vessel will enter its crest, nearly 14 mile wide at -its base, about 400 ft. wide at the water surface, about 100 ft. wide at the top, and its crest, as planned, will be at an elevation of 115 ft. above mean sea level, or 30 ft. above the normal level of the lake. The interior of the dam will be formed of a natural mixture of sand and clay, dredged by hydraulic process from pits above and below the dam, and placed between two large masses of rock and miscellaneous ma- terial, obtained from steam shovel ex- formed, the Spillway will be closed with a concrete dam, fitted with gates and machinery for regulating the water level of the lake. Dams on Pacific Side. The water level of Gatun Lake, ex- tending through the Culebra Cut, will be maintained at the south end by an earth dam connecting the locks at Pedro Miguel with the high ground to the westward, about 1,700 ft. long, with its crest at an elevation 105 ft. above mean a channel with a bottom width of 500 ft. cavation at various points along the tide. ; The Vertical Scale on thie Profile 1s Exaggerated One Hundred Times. Renee x 1 ATLANTIC DIVISION CENTRAL DIVISION i PACIFIC DIVISION 27 MILES 317 MILES 1 M MILES "Culebra Cite f 0 la ee. $10 Highest of § e I e Ries & < E ed gy ¥ § ea. Fhe oo ke g iss 33 S $ > 2 x 3 g g > z 6 S g Meets z yy swe < a s2 2 = 2 . 2s * < a 0 x & x So oS % zag ,% oS at 3 Ss ee : i sb Pp Re bes SYS iV he ee G8 i, Se S foe ee § x SO SSS 2 eo RS aie 8 3 & > : a $ P38 g See P3 Le : eee ¥ Geos § rst S8 i : Beye ie s Foes s ged ge & Pb § SS 3 s gis So s g s ¥ XS w S = eee 8 "es $ ess : 1 2 os 3 s ATLANTIC = = Jf S ese of eS § ta = <> PACIFIC OCEAN s J 3.8 e : _ 1 0} ° i ~~ . SA dh : : th mM = Ts \) Pat rete ms < ' { er, ea * : 'skewabe kind of Franch hxc : : ' . , i cs mn a oe ia | | iis bel po eta 2 x : 1 + i a . + 2 > 'S i. 7 is 2 7s 2 a Pry 24 26 ze 27 28 29 30 3 32 33 34 38 36 Ey} 36 39 40 a a a " 4" " a 8 o ay in Limon Bay, follow this for about seven miles to Gatun, where it will enter a series of three locks in flight and be lifted 85 ft. to the level of Gatun Lake. It will sail at full ocean speed through this lake, in a channel varying from 1,000 to 500 ft. in width, for a distance of about 24 miles, to Bas Obispo, where PROFILE OF CANAL. canal. The top and upstream slope will be thoroughly riprapped. The Spillway is a concrete lined open- ing, 1,200 ft. long and 300 ft. wide, cut through a hill of rock nearly in the center of the dam, the bottom of the A* small. lake between the locks at Pedro Miguel and Miraflores will be formed by dams connecting the walls of Miraflores locks with the high ground on either side. The dam to the west- ward will be of earth, about 2,700 ft. Canal Statistics. it will enter the Culebra Cut. It will ; : Length. from deep, water to. deep, water: .% 0.3 vs sti oe ee ie 50% miles. sail through the Cut, distance of about length' on ('land 4.34025 we deneih cel alae eid 0 eras ioteumle Clitels susie wp ere bev aisle af aiulece are 40% miles. nine miles, in a channel with a bottom Bottom ah et ee EB ENR ae ogee andl: che Cone Gas ee fe : : Bott idt h e inimum, miles ulebras Cutis oc. ease ee z width of 300) fh; to; Pedra Miguel) Gocke in pairs oc a Bese on Sa 12 There it will enter a lock and be low- Locks, usable length eicile ates te kare ere Je fle bib is wipeoow ease Sibi eieib ie e alereiaiele ecg ware Wace ge eta 1,000 ft. Locks,. usable: widthiv. sa es og pare ee 110 ft. ered 30 1/3 ft. to a small lake, at an Gatun Lake, ANCA eevee cneeeese eit daha iis CPs gto Meaney eee es tele 8 ™ : Gatun Lake, channe ODt cers ete sy aise aierre i pee are ee to te elevation of 54 2/3 ft. above = oe Excavation, 'estimated Bot eee et ieee Aa ase ce: y. an il il through this for about 1% Excavation, amount <accomplished April 1, , 1900.6. ee ee 205, Ciye e Bul at } 8 : : Excavation, by the Prench.. 005. 3c. gee ec ee ce ses eu Ub sea ee 78,146,960 c. y. Q miles to Mirafiores. There it will enter Excavation by French, useful S Breoet Candle eos ee oe ee meee O80 c. y. : ; Concrete, total' estimated for. Canal... .Jscek.s «50355 eos eee et ee ' C.. ¥. two locks in series and be lowered © Time of transit through completed: Canal? = ce i ee Lee a eens 10 to 12 hours, sea level, passing out into the Pacific Time. of 'passage; through "lock6 4 <..25.05 ot. Geis tobe epee ee 3 hours. I i] : Relocated: Panama' Railroad, estimated Cost... 3). ic oe ue ee ee $7,225,000 : through a channel, about 8% miles 1 Relocated': Panama "Railroads: length: 055 3 oe ee ee ee ] oo miles. i i Canal Zone: <areace aioe eas Wie es ea te oe ee ee abou sq. m. set wie poten wide Ot A Ae Canal' Zone' aréa,; 'owned 'by United States... 2.0. oie ee ee about 322 sq." mi, The depth of the approach channel on French buildings, cores acaisred ci le oe oe ig ee aa eet : : : : French 'buildings; qumber. used). oo) cae oo ee ss eens pe ies pee ee ' | the Atlantic side, where the tidal.oscil-. pitty puildings met vale when acquired'. 04h) ee $1,959,203 lation does not exceed 1% ft., will be Value..of wutilized French equipment.< & -.03.55 4 hea a ne ete $1,000,000 . : Canal force, actually. at Work... 205292038 eens ee ere toe ets see about 39,000 41 ft. at mean tide, and on the Pacific Canal force, ne oh fee Cao, See ee Se a about ee nnane i i i i i Cost of Canal, estimated total. 325 62 ee iin ea ess hes tees ,000,000 + side, where the eee oscHignon Work 'besun by Americans. 7 500. oe sc ee rns sues eesti se ie cee May 4, 1904 23 ft, the depth will be 45 ft. at mean Date -sof "completion. 0.2 6 ores ewe ee hee see 6 os et eee Jan. A, 1915 tide. a opening being 10 ft. above sea level. long, having its crest about 15 ft. above Geran "Dam. : During the construction of the dam, all the water in Miraflores Lake. The east The Gatun Dam, which will form the water discharged from the Chagres dam will be of concrete, about 500 ft. long, and will form a spillway for Mira- flores Lake, with crest gates similar to those at the spillway of the Gatun dam. and its tributaries will flow through this opening. When construction has sufh- ciently advanced to permit the lake to be Gatun Lake by impounding the waters of the Chagres and others streams, will be nearly 1% miles long, measured on