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Removing Scale from H Pneumatic Hammers Piece -Work System OME years ago, the scaling of hard scale from a ship's struc- ture was done with hand scaling hammers. There is a great deal this work to do, particularly Suips which have © been jin for considerable periods of time. The scaling with hand hammers is laborious, slow and costly. Scaling by means of the sand- blast has been tried and is fairly successful for the outside of a ship, but is not suitable for inside work and has never been generally adopted. The method which has given the best all around satisfac- tion is to scale by means of a pneu- of in service matic hammer and a blunt chisel. The hammer used is the small Chicago Pneumatic "F" hammer, or its equival- ent of other makes. This hammer weighs. but 5 pounds and is_ easily handled. The hammer and the chisel -most commonly used are shown in Fig. "1. For the various classes of work, chisels best adapted to the work have been developed. These chisels are shown in the photo-reproduction and _ the sketches, Fig. 2, which are self-explana- tory and no further description is con- sidered necessary. Common labor is employed for this work, and an expert scaler can be developed in a few weeks. In confined spaces, like double bottom tanks, the men wear respirators, which are furnished them, and thin gauze over the face to protect the eyes from the fine scale. In open spaces, the respira- tors are not necessary, but the gauze over the face is used. Difficult to Secure Satisfactory Out- put at Day Work. With men working at day work, it was found to be very difficult to secure what was considered satisfactory output. The fact that so much more was ac- complished with the pneumatic hammers than had previously been done with the hand scaling hammers perhaps caused delay in securing maximum production from the machine work. Systematic efforts were made to increase the out- put. Records were kept of the amount of work done by. each man each day, and it was found that the output aver- aged about 50 sq. ft. for an eight-hour day. It was noted, however, that when the men were scaling in plain sight, as for example on the side af a Ship in The Marine REVIEW By aA. STAFF CORRESPONDENT. dry dock, where careful supervision could be obtained, the output went up to 75 or 80 sq. ft. in eight hours. From June, 1919 ulls of Ships with Under the It was, therefore, decided to do all scal- ing by piece work. To determine the proper piece work rates, the methods --<$-- Fic. 1, Reading from top--l, Scaling chisel for frames, chisel for half round, bulb beams, etc. chisel for general use. careful observation of the work, I was satisfied that the men could do three or four times the amount that was actually done, and I was also satisfied that this output could be obtained if the men were adequately paid for the work. etc. 2, Scaling 4, Scaling I-beams, 3, Scaling chisel for decks. 5, "F" Boyer hammer. advocated by Fred W. Taylor were em- ployed. Determination of Piece Work Rate. To obtain definite information as to the amount a man can scale in a given time, the following observations were