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VOL. 40. New Concrete N AN article descr'bing the harbor of San Francisco in the February of THe Marine Review, mention was made of the new steel and concrete piers under con- struction by the board of state harbor The design of these embodiment of the latest modern ideas on wharf construction and their character is such issue brief commissioners. piers" is* an that they will CLEVELAND, JULY, 1910. freshing to note that although the new piers are of a most expensive type and are among the largest on the Pa- cific coast; 'theif cost ts not being charged to the taxpayers of San Fran- cisco but is being liquidated through the earnings of the piers themselves, which under the economical manage- ment of the harbor commissioners are sufficient to pay operating expenses, NEW YORK No. 7 iers at San Francisco construction. The adoption of de- signs in which no wood whatever is used, steel, concrete and glass being substituted, as a standard by the San Francisco harbor commissioners is therefore significant. Exhaustive stud- ies have shown that even in competi- tion with the cheap lumber of the Pa- cific coast, the permanent steel-con- crete form of construction is more set the pace in dock building on the Pacific coast for some years to come. A detailed study of the construction of the new Piers is well worth while. The harbor works of San Francisco 'te all owned and controlled by the Public through the medium of the board of state harbor commissioners. Under these circumstances it is re- S. S. DaxoraH at Pier 40, Jury 19, 1909. wterest on the indebtedness and a sinking fund as well. The Pacific coast is essentially a timber producing country. Lumber is cheap ($12 per thousand feet b. m. at Seattle for rough fir planks, caps, stringers, etc.), and consequently prac- tically all of the wharves and docks on. the western seaboard are timber economical, operating expenses and maintenance considered. Pacific coast communities, also, have now advanced to the point where they can afford the necessarily heavy initial investments and the more permanent form of con- struction is only a natural conse- quence. The new concrete piers at San Francisco mark the beginning of