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312 Fic: 4-- EXPERIMENTAL Low- PRESSURE . Force. air per minute at six pounds pressure. Each of these blowers is driven by a 40-horsepower, direct-connected, di-. rect-current, variable speed, 220-volt motor. It was found that excellent results were obtained with four pounds pressure and the blowers are run at this pressure. The pressure is auto- matically maintained by means of reg- ulators made by the Mason Regulator Co., Boston, Mass., for the Cutler- Hammer Mfg. Co., Milwaukee, Wis. While it is believed that the four pounds pressure is best for all around work, there is no doubt that satisfac- tory results can be obtained from a fan ballast pressure of 8 to 12 ounces. In small shops, where the first cost of positive pressure blowers would make this installation prohibitive, the low pressure forge has a field of its own. I experimented for some time with the low pressure forge and developed 2 WP uk ELEN VION EXTERION oe INTRON 5 suet --___ De ene as pe ah de ' nN - 4 t FIRE BIC b+ --- 4 + MON BIC) = 5 L| apr Fa t com DI). PIPE PERFORATED WITH 2 we ee er ree a fee oe fe ese ee [3 a Pt oH . \ [rs = \ rye ' | | au I h Da ek el a " at pet ; LP vn @ sw i You EXTEAOR BS INTENLOR Fic. 5--Type oF SmitHinG Force For Om FuEL. *TAE Marine. REVIEW one which gave excellent results. This forge was operated for several weeks on all classes of work. It re- quired more attention than the higher pressure forge, and as it possessed no advantages over the latter, the use of the fan blast pressure was abandoned. The photo-reproduction given in Fig. 4 shows a forge operating at 8-ounce pressure; the excellent character of the fire obtained can be seen in the photograph. Pee Type of Forge and Burner. The type of forge used is shown in Fig. 5. This is a double forge, the single forge being half the size. The arrangement and dimensions of the combustion chamber and the passage from the burner to this chamber. are the results of five years of experience and study, and give excellent results. The sketch is few explanations are necessary. The number of fire brick required is less' than -originally used, and it is be- lieved that the minimum has_ been reached. The atomizing air pipe should enter the burner on the top, as shown. When first installed this pipe entered the bottom of the burn- er, but" with -that® arrangement, a leaky oil valve, when the forge is not in use, fills the air pipe back to the air valve. When the fire is started the oil collected in the air pipe will be blown out and flood the forge, causing clouds of black smoke. With the arrangement shown a leak will soon be noted. 'The clean out plug in the oil pipe where it. enters the burners permits of ready clearing of any obstructions in the burner. The details of the burner are shown i Fig. 6 Many types 'of burnet have been tried and the one shown 6 HUS PIPE USED FOR BLOWING EL VME AND SMOKE FROM FRONT OF FORGE « ANGE VALVE TO PERFORATED VIR PEK a FURN CE 1¢" vs ost ----_ 4h --_ __ 1 SECTION | has proved to be not only the most economical, but also easily regulated. With this type of forge and burner, fires are easily and quickly started from.a cold forge. Greasy waste is collected from the machine shop and kept in a metal box outside the smith shop; a small piece of this waste light- ed readily starts the forge fire. With uniformly heated oil, uniform air and oil pressure, and the type 'of -burner shown, the forge fire 'is prop- erly regulated with Nery little atten- self-explanatory, and ' August, 1910 tion, and either a steady forging heat or a steady welding heat can be main- tained with very little manipulation of the valves. The same type of forge and burner as shown are used in the tool dress- ing and tempering department. A smaller size forge is used for temper- ing high-speed tool steel and is shown in. Fig. 7. Better results have been obtained from high-speed 'steel tem- pered in this forge than from tools tempered in:a small furnace. No dif- ficulty is experienced in obtaining the necessary high temperature and the } ae = gt |. F a 4 | eae ih ae , 'Dia | | a é sca ee Ts | i Pipe | , | | 2 iz ~ ers = s Hy fee dt ee ¥ > | + ¢ | e EB t | ee 4 =<- --2¢"Dia---- --+ Z ! ies pe A Dia eae - Frc. 6--BuRNER FOR SMITHING Force. tool is only heated a short distance back. from the cutting point. The type of bloom furnace is shown in Fig. 8. There are three furnaces of this general type in the shop. The first 'two were built with a flue lead- ing to a smoke stack. In making re- pairs to one of these, it was discov- ered that the flue was entirely closed and 'it was evident that it had been closed for some time. In construct- ing a new furnace the flue was omit- ted and this furnace has given entire satisfaction. The type of burner used is the same as the burner used on the foges, but larger. The details of the burner are given in Fig. 9. The type of furnace used for the bolt and rivet given in Fig. 10. It will be noted that steam is used in the perforated pipe in front of the' furnace for keeping the flame away from the operator, as it is more satisfactory for this purpose than the low préssuré air and the cost is less. The burnér used on this furnace is the same as' that shown in Fig. 6. Quality of Werk From Oil Burning Forges. machines is Even in this day 'one hears 'doubts expressed by some 'well informed: en-