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314 V7 poasys adig © Yj ne PAOPUDLIG a ae -- «hyd OO OQ DU0) We S$ Mas9G ssosgeye SSRAG AMSG Fig. 9--Detait or BurNER FoR BLOoomM F URNACE, Every class of work has been done in this shop in oil fires and in. all classes but one, the oil fire has been found superior to coal. In very light angle work involving welds, the coal fire is superior, as the heat of the oil -\ = & : DIA STERL BOLT oO { | | | : ee | e yl! oO! ee 36 4--__ ___ __| : + RODS BEING? HEATED REST ON HERE TAE MaRiINE REVIEW fire is so intense that the metal each side of the weld is likely to be wasted away. A comparison of the cost of opera- tion with coal and oil depends prin- cipally on the cost of the fuel. On the Pacific coast fuel oil is cheap while the cost of coal is high; while on the Atlantic coast oil costs more and coal less. The advantages of fuel oil are, therefore, greater on the Pacific than on the east coast. The consumption of oil depends on the size of the fire and the class of work. It also depends on the type of burner and the care of the smith in shutting off the oil supply while working the heat. In the past two years we have materially reduced the oil consumption by improvements in the burner and forge, and by exercis- ing more care in shutting off the oil when not needed. In comparing the cost of operation, account should be taken of the cost of firebrick, cost of air for atomizing, LIE IING PY bs So Nn GLOBEY ALVIE [© oO FRONT ELEVATION DI\. BUTTON HEAD RIVETS 15 rounps FIRE BRICK = = in CN ao 36% $ FIRE BRICK 15 Pounbs FIRE BRICK £5 PouNps FIRE BRICK 1 Wr STEAM CUT OFF PIPE POP: PERFORATED WITH OXE ROW OF DIAMETER HOLES SPACED $' CENTER TO GENTER u 30% RISING STEAM FROM THIS PIPE PREVENTS FIRE FROM COMING OUT OF OPENING THUS PROTECTING OPERATOR OF FORGE PLAN ShCTION AA Fic. 10--Furnacre 20 POUND PLATE z ¢; a STEEL BAR Ya Our STEAM CUT OFF BURNER | | | | PLUG I Oo | rt | GLOBE VALVE 9X | cc oy ae) ° | W 1 OIL SUPPLY PIPE: <7 7 To | | GLOBE VALVE | | | | AIR PIPE: | | STEAM PIPL. | | | | Ii SIDE ELEVATION cLiv - L ett ae =_ oe Mee + 15 vorxps | oe st ae an | C\ST IRON ARCH FIRE BRICK FIRE BRICK FIRE BRICK ul te © IRE BRICK 1g SIDk For Bott anv River Stock. SECTION VT CIUNTEK »creased output. August, 1910 and interest and depreciation of the increased first cost of installation. With all these considered, the cost of operation on the Pacific coast is much less with oil than with coal. In a medium size forge on general work the consumption of coal is about 250 pounds in eight hours. On the same class of work the consumption of oil is about 16 gallons in eight hours. The cost of good blacksmith coal is from $12 to $16 a ton, while the cost of oil is about 2 cents a gallon; the cost of fuel for such a fire will, there- fore, be about $1.50 for coal, and for fuel oil about 35 cents. The average consumption of fire brick is 2 1-5 bricks per forge per day. About one- half of these are for the forge proper and one-half for the upper brick over the work. The cost of fire brick av- erages 714 cents a day per forge. The cost of electric current gener- ated from oil fuel is about 1% cents per kilowatt hour, and at this rate the power cost for operating the blowers for the shop is about. $8.50. The difference between this cost and the lesser cost of operation of a fan blast for coal fires is more than off- set by the cost of handling and haul- ing coal and ashes for a coal fire. The cost of maintenance of the high-pres- sure blowers is heavy, and after sev- eral years service it is found that one of the blowers is nearly always out of commission under repair. It is be- lieved that the new type high pressure fan blower will give better satisfac- tion than the blowers formerly used and that the cost of maintenance can be materially reduced. For open forges on the Pacific coast, the cost of operation with oil as a fuel is about one-third the cost of operation with coal. The greatest economy of all, however, is in the in- A working heat can be obtained when starting work much more quickly with oil than with coal and the heats are taken in much less time. The output with oil is from 40 to 50 per cent greater than with coal. In the bloom furnace shown in Fig. 8 the consumption of oil starting with the furnace cold in the morning and forging a 10-inch billet is 160 gallons in eight hours, while the consumption pf coal on the same work would be not less than 114 tons, and the output from the oil-fired furnace is at least one-third. more than from the fur- nace burning coal. Frequently it. is desired to obtain a heat on a large piece of work when the furnaces are not in operation. This can be readily accomplished by