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366 eign shipping operates under the arti- ficial? handicap imposed upon it by the tariff it should be artificially removed. A little while ago, Mr. Stewart, sec- ond assistant postmaster general, com- plained about the inadequacy of mail facilities to South America. All ot our mail is carried to South American cities in foreign ships over which the postoffice department has absolutely no control. There is no regularity in sail- ings. Schedules are subject to change without notice, resulting in a frightful impediment to business. It seems ab- solutely ridiculous that a nation of 90,000,000 of people should suffer such a condition to continue. Our prosper- ity depends upon getting rid of our surplus products. The only way to get rid of them is to export them, and why on earth we permit foreign na- tions to absorb one of the richest fields, lying practically at our door, is one of the things that is impossible to understand. It is certainly folly. Prize Problems of Great Lakes Engineering Works The Great Lakes Engineering Works exhibited at the Detroit Industrial Ex- position a model of the bulk freighter, William P. Palmer, building on the Isherwood system of 'construction for the Pittsburg Steamship Co. The com- pany offered three prizes to the school children of Detroit for correct answers to six problems based upon the follow- ing particulars: The dimensions of the steel bulk freight steamer, William P. Palmer, are as follows: Length over all, 607 ft.; length on keel, 580 ft.; beam, moulded, 58 ft.; depth, moulded, 32 ft.; height from keel to top of pilot house, 63 ft. 3 in. The total weight of materials entering into the construction of this steamer is 9,886,000 Ibs.; materials consisting of steel, iron, brass, copper, etc. The total number of steel rivets re- quired in the construction of this steam- er is 700,000. The number of punched holes in the hull of the steamer is 1,- 750,000; this number being necessary for the number of rivets mentioned. When floating light without any cargo, she displaces 4,943 short tons; when loaded to her limiting draught of 19 ft., she displaces 17,555 short tons. The internal capacity of the ship, ac- ceptable for the storage of cargo, is 496,800 cu. ft. A difference of 80 tons of cargo makes a difference of 1 in. in the draught when the vessel is floating at the load draught. THE MarRINE REVIEW The problems, correctly answered, were as follows: Problem No. 1.--What weight of iron ore can she carry on a draught of 19.-it. 2 Answer :--Number of short tons, 12,- 612. Problem No. 2--When filled com- pletely with a cargo of coal, which oc- cupies 40 cu. ft. to the ton, what weight of coal can she carry? Will her draught be 19 ft.? If not, what will it be? Answer :--She will carry 12,420 short tons. Her draught will be 18 ft. 9.6 in. Problem No. 3.--When filled complete- ly with wheat, weighing 60 Ibs. per bu., how many bushels of wheat can she carry? Will her draught be 19 ft, and if not, what will it be? Answer :--She will carry 399,214.3 bu. Her draught will be 18 ft. 4.1 in. Problem No. 4.--Supposing a farm produces 25 bu. to the acre, what size farm is it necessary to fill the ship for one voyage? Answer:--A farm of 15,9685 acres. Problem No. 5.--If one cu. ft. of iron ore weighs 140 lbs., what percentage of the total cargo space does the iron ore occupy when ship is loaded to 19 ft. draught? Answer :--The iron ore occupies 36.2 per cent. Problem No. 6.--If the engines of the ship are 2,000 h. p.,.and the speed is 11% miles per hour, and length of the voyage 1,000 miles, and it requires 1.6 Ibs. of coal for every h.-p. per hour, what will be the cost of the coal for the voyage if the price of same delivered in the coal bunkers of the ship is $3.00 per net ton? Answer :--Coal for one voyage will cost $417.39. The winner: of the first prize, amount- ing to $50.00, was Grace Cantelo, Far- rand school, age 13 years; second prize, $25.00, W. W. Raymond, Central High, age 16 years; third prize, $15.00. Pres- cilla Dillaway, Central High, 16 years old. The judges were: Prof. H. C. Sad- ler, Prof. M. E. Cooley and Sidney R. Russel. John A. Donaldson's Promotion Jonn.: -A. . Donaldson, <.of the Fittsbure Coal Co., was, on Aug. 11, appointed president of the Mononga- hela River Consolidated Coal & Coke Co., with headquarters at Pittsburg. James H. Wood, district sales agent for the Pittsburg Coal Co., was promoted to Mr. Donaldson's old po- sition as manager of lake shipping and fuel department of the Pittsburg Coal Co. Mr. Donaldson left imme- diately for, Pittsburg. He had been connected with the lake coal trade for about 17 years, and was probably the most popular man in the business on the lakes. He came to Cleveland as September, 1910 the representative of the Pittsburg & Chicago Coal Co., but when the Pitts- burg Coal Co. was organized, taking over a number of firms, he went with it as general agent. In 1902 he or- ganized the National Fuel & Dock Co., which was later sold to the Pitts- burg Coal Co. The Monongahela River Consolidat- ed Coal & Coke Co. is one of the larg- est producers of coal in the Pittsburg district, operating a large fleet of steamers and barges and having 42 producing mines. Its annual output of coal is about 8,000,000 tons, of which amount about 1,500,000 tons comes to the lakes. Captains Suspended Local Inspectors Stewart and Van Liew, at Port Huron, who investigated the circumstances surrounding the col- lision between the steamers James B. Wood and Frank H. Goodyear, where- by the Goodyear was sunk with a loss of 18 lives in Lake Huron, on May 23, have found both vessels equally guilty in that they were running at full speed during a heavy fog. The license of Capt. T. D. Gibson, of the steamer Wood, was revoked. Capt. R. F. Hemenger, of the steamer Good- year, was suspended for 60 days, and Donald McLachlan, mate of the Wood, was suspended for 30 days. The find- ing is that Capt. Hemenger, of the Goodyear, violated Rule 15, which re- quires that vessels shall go at mod- erate speed during a fog. -Donald McLachlan, of the Wood, was also found guilty of violating Rule 15. Capt. Gibson, of the Wood, is held to have violated Rule 2. The in- spectors hold that if either rules had been observed the collision could not have occurred. Unloading Record A record was made by the four 15-ton Hulett electric machines at Ashtabula on Aug. 5 in unloading t1Agl gross tens of ore "from the steamer Thomas F. Cole in" four hours 30 minutes, net time, at the rate of 630.6 gross tons per machine per hour. The Cole arrived at' Ash- tabula at. 10:53 a. m., and teftiat 5 p. m., making the total time at dock six hours and seven minutes, which included one hour for dinner. All the ore was unloaded direct into cars with no damage to the 'vessel. The ma- chines handled 598.2 gross tons to 671.4 tons per hour, making the aver- age 630.6 tons per hour for each ma- chine. 7 ee