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October, 1910 "TAE Marine. REVIEW Fic. 5--Turee 8,000-Pounp Propetters, Cast in Monet METAL, For THE U. S, S. FLo RIDA molten metal pours quite similar to brass. The casting is allowed to set for four days in the mold before it is shaken out. One 20-ton Morgan electric traveling crane with a 5-ton auxiliary of the same type command the operations, and there are also two 7%-ton jib cranes which serve for the handling of the material. in about one-third of the entire shop. Assays and tests of each heat poured are taken. The following re- sults on physical tests, were shown by pieces recently cast in sand from heats of the Bayonne Casting Co.: Tensile strength, 72,283-81,609 pounds per square inch; elastic limit, 35,920- 40,731 pounds per square inch; elong- ation in 2 inches, 38-28% per cent. Suitability for Marine Service. Its strength and non-corrosive properties make Monel metal cast- ings especially suitable. for marine service in such parts as propellers, pump fittings, valves and valve fit- tings which are exposed to water. Molding machines are used in the manufacture of the smaller parts. The first propeller blades of Monel metal were adopted by the United States government about 18 months ago for the battleship North Dakota. Recently, in dry dock, an inspection of these blades was made, which showed that they had suffered little effect of their long service. A num- ber of torpedo boat destroyers now in service are also equipped with propellers manufactured of Monel metal. Another use to which the metal has been recently put is im the manufacture of pickling frames for tin plate works. The acid bath into which these frames are plunged for cleansing the rolled plates has little effect upon the casting. Composition of the Metal. Monel metal is composed of about 68 per cent nickel, 27 per cent COP- per and the balance of iron and man- ganese in about equal proportions. The special properties claimed for it are its extreme non-corrosiveness, its high modulus of elasticity and its strength, which is said to be greater than that of steel. It is slightly mag- netic and can be welded, brazed, soldered, forged or drawn. It is now commercially produced in a_ variety of forms such as ingots, hot or cold rolled rods, sheets, wire and _ cast- ings. It machines very much as mild steel and at about the same speed. It is produced as raw material by the Orford Copper Co. New York City; 0a subsidiary of the Interna- tional . Nickel Co. The physical properties of the alloy are given as follows: Melting point, 1,360 degrees Cent., (2,480 degrees Fahr.); specific grav- ity (cast), 887; weight per cubic inch, 0.319 pounds; electrical con- ductivity, 4 per cent (copper 100 per cent); heat conductivity, 1/5 that of copper; modulus of elasticity, 23,000,- 000; shrinkage, %4-inch per foot. Largest French-Built Liner Although not equal in size to the Cunarders Mauretania and Lusitania, the new turbine liner France, building for the Compagnie Générale Trans-At- lantique, for service between Havre and New York, which was successfully launched in September, at the Pen- hoiit yard of the Chantiers de 1l'Atlan- tique, St. Nazaire, will be the largest merchantman under the -French ensign, and, at the same time, the largest boat as yet built in France. Speed and the character of her accommodation are -poth being attended to with great care, and in other respects she will embody many new features, and will conse- quently take a place in the front rank among modern liners. She is, indeed, the latest embodiment of the enter- "with fours furnaces or nalling apparatus. '417 prise that animates the French Trans- Atlantique Co. Built at St..Nazaire by the same firm as was responsible for the La Provence, Chicago, and other first- class boats, her success is assured. She will be engined by her builders, who are licensed to construct Parsons turbines. The vessel's principal meas- urements are: Length over all, 715 ft. 3 46.: breadth over' all) 75 th 3 in, depth from houses to keel, 78 ft. 9 in.; draught, 29 ft: 6 in.; gross 'tonnage, about 23,000 tons; displacement, 27,000 tons; I. H.P., 45,000; anticipated speed, 231%4 knots. She is of the 8-deck type, and will carry some 2,000 passengers. In order to insure stability, she has been fitted with bilge .keels for over half her length; thus she will easily resist rolling in a seaway. Twelve watertight bulkheads divide the ship into 13 watertight compartments, which added to the 16 compartments of the double bottom, make the vessel prac- tically unsinkable. She will be propel- led by four screws, driven by two sets of Parsons turbines. There will be two. H. P, and two M.' P. ahead tur- bines driving the wing propellers, and two L. P. ahead turbines connected with the astern turbines and driving the central shafts. The four-bladed propellers are of manganese bronze. Steam will be supplied to the main en- gines and auxiliaries by four groups of boilers extending 279 ft. in length, or nearly one-third of the ship's length. These boilers are either single-ended double-ended with eight furnaces each, and work at 200 lb. pressure. The boilers will be operated with Howden's forced draft system, which gave such good results on board previous liners belonging to the same company. The four funnels rise 112 ft. above the grate bars; their elliptical axes are respectively 17 ft. 6 in. and 13 ft. 5 in. The main and aux- iliary condensers, it is interesting to note, are of the "Contraflo" type. The vessel will be fitted with wireless of the latest type, and also submarine sig- Twelve sets of Welin quadrant davits are fitted. Not only size and speed will entitle the France to be called the largest and speediest liner of the French mercan- tile fleet, but probably her most re- markable features will be the luxur- iousness and the refinement of the in- ternal decorations. The main im- pression aimed at will be one of sim- plicity, but of calculated intent. The tow boat Leader of the fleet of the Monongahela River Consolid- ated Coal & Coke Co.,. was burned -- on Sept. 27 on the Ohio river near Economy, Pa.