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64 north of St. Clair flats canal, are fa- vorable for the action of sedimenta- tion and other agencies which thin out and diminish pollution. As the drift from this portion of the lake is south toward the main ship channel, the pollution reduced by the _ natural agencies just mentioned probably again reaches the main ship channel. The Canadian portion of the lake is south of the line of traffic and as already stated above, shows very little pollution. At Outlet of Lake St. Clair "The cross section where the Detroit river leaves Lake St. Clair shows about the same degree of pollution as the lake in the center of the channel, ° with increased pollution across to the United States shore. The cross section at the head of Belle Isle shows con- siderable pollution near both shores. The results of our analyses of sam- ples taken above the intake for the Detroit city water supply show this to be an unsafe source of supply with- - out careful treatment. The applica- tion of hypo-chlorite of lime in quan- tities or by the method in vogue in Detroit during our investigation does not in our opinion represent adequate treatment. The several cross sections at this point to the site of the Mich- igan Central tunnel shows a marked increase of pollution in the shore samples. The water intakes of Walk- erville and Windsor are both located in dangerous situations owing to the discharge of sewage above these in- takes and the pollution due to navi- gation. In spite of the efforts made by these towns to protect their sup- plies by means of chlorination, the typhoid rates remain too high. At times the pollution is so great that the quantities of chlorine required to overcome it gives objectionable taste to the water. : "Investigation made of the effect- iveness of chlorination in Walkerville, Windsor and Detroit showed that there were frequent breaks in its efficiency. These are probably due to lack of uniformity of the available chlorine content of the hypo-chlorite used. The tendency is to reduce the necessary quantities on account of complaints of 'taste and of intermittency in its administration. The cross section over the Michigan Central tunnel showed gross pollution at sample points near Canadian and United States and of considerable pollution extending over the entire river," The report continued: "At Port Stanley the evidence indicates that Lake Erie is pure and such pollution as is picked up in the neighborhood of any local source of pollution is con- fined to that district. Samples collect- about shores' THE MARINE REVIEW ed in the lake along a line from Point Abino to the United States shore 12 miles above Buffalo show Lake Erie water to be pure except that it may be influenced by the ef- fect of navigation. This condition is further emphasized by the examina- tion of samples taken from the cross sections at the foot of the lake before its waters become the Niagara river. It was found that pollution from Buffalo and other sources extends but a short distance beyond the break- waters and the water from here to across the boundary almost to the Canadian shore is relatively pure, ex- cept as directly influenced by naviga- tion," Concerning the Niagara river the report says: "The first cross section of the upper Niagara river shows rel- atively pure water on the Canadian side and the beginning of noticeable pollution from Buffalo harbor. From the next cross section to the one be- low Squaw Island the pollution, though greatly increased in quantity on the United States side, is held to that shore. The pollution on the Canadian sidé, though of less extent, is like- wise confined to its shore. This phe- nomenon is due to the immense vol- ume and the great velocity of the river and the depth of the outlets of the Buffalo sewers. From this point the pollution tends to extend across the entire Tonawanda channel and from Rattlesnake Island to a point where it again joins the river the whole channel is shown to be grossly pollut- ed. The use of this water as a public supply even with stringent purifiea- tion is attended with considerable risk. The cross section below Buck- horn and Naval Islands showed un- diminished * pollution on the United States side. On the Canadian side the water, though less polluted, is still dangerous and should not be used without the most careful treatment; otherwise it is liable to give rise to periodical epidemics of intestinal dis- eases," In the Gorge "The results from the examination of samples collected in the gorge just below the two falls demonstrated that the pollution coming over was more uniformly distributed by the mix- ing. The pollution is still] gross. Pop- ular opinion is that the action of the falls tends to purify Sewage. It 'sim- ply mixes it more thoroughly with the water; it does not remove it nor its dangers. "The river at Lewiston receives the water from the Great Gorge rapids aud Niagara Falls' The mixing of the sewage received by the river from Lake Erie down with the river water February, 1914 is likely the most complete possible. The samples examined show that from this point to the mouth of the river the water is uniformly polluted from shore to shore and that the use of water from this section of the river as a public water supply with- out the most careful and exacting puri- fication should not be considered. The conditions are such that the drift may take place north, east or west, and with wind conditions favorable the pollution 10 miles from shore shows little diminution. : "The menace in this area is almost entirely directed at the present time toward navigation between' Buffalo and Toronto. Further samples taken from the passenger boats along cross sections from Niagara-on-the-Lake and other lake points in this vicinity to Toronto corroborated the observation that this polluted area extended as far as 10 to 12 and even 16 miles on occasions." H. B. Roelker, of 41 Maiden Lane, New York City, has built or is build- ing Allen's dense air ice machines for the following named vessels: D. C. Jackling's new steel steam yacht Cyprus (designed by Cox & Stevens); the oil tank steamship Saxony, built ae - Cainden, -N. f.:° United ™ States torpedo-boat destroyers building at Camden, N. J.; oil tank steamships building at Camden, N. J., for the Guffey Refining Co. of New York: tender to submarine boats building by the Seattle Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co.; Chinese steel training ship (gun- boat) Fei Hung, building at a New Jersey shipyard, etc. The Guffey Refining Co.'s_ tanker Oklahoma, built by the New York Ship Building Co. about four years ago, was wrecked in the great gale on the Atlantic seaboard in December while in ballast. A following sea mounted her aft, carrying away the smokestack and ventilators, smashing the skylight and flooding the engine room and stokehold. A short time later the Oklahoma broke in two just aft of the pilot house, which is a little forward amidships. The forward part was taken in tow by a passing steam- er but sank before port could be reached. The town of Ludington, Mich., is arranging for a celebration on July 3 and 4 in commemoration of the har- bor improvements now under way. The celebration will be under the aus- pices of the Million Dollar Harbor club, of which W. L. Mercereau is president; A. A. Keiser, vice presi- dent; EF. O; McLean. secretary, and F. W. Hawley, treasurer.