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66 noted if the annual report of the com- missioner of one of the large ports. Of the 10,000 men passing through the of- fice he states he found it necessary to ask but 37 men to leave the rooms be- cause of intoxication, and but 12 for misbehavior--a percentage gratifyingly small. The splendid record made _ by the sailor in saving his money is worthy of note. The facil- ities for saving money, by using the plan provided on ship board for the transmission of money to the depository or to a man's family, has gotten many a man started on the road to thrift. "This plan, started three years ago, resulted the first year in 514 men having accounts at the end of the season, 986 at the end of the second, and 1,145 at -the close of last season. "More and more owners have come to understand the steady- ing effect of having thrifty men on board their boats. An analy- sis of the steadying influence of this saving habit shows that where there is a crew in which there is a large number of men having savings accounts in some bank, there it is also found that there are fewer changes in the crew list. "The matter. may be > more concretely stated by referring to the secretary's report that in the case of a certain number of fleets employing 2,115 unlicensed men, there were 773 savings ac- counts, a percentage of 36.6 of the total number of men em- ployed, with changes or shifting of 18 per cent, while in a cer- tain number of other fleets em- ploying 1,837 unlicensed men, there were but 109 savings ac- counts, or 5.9 per cent of the total, with crew changes of 25.1 per cent, "The secretary further states that with few exceptions the changes in the personnel of the crews of all the boats, increased in the ratio that the number of savings accounts decreased. It seems therefore that in addition to the great benefit to the men, that it is well demonstrated that the saving habit has an econom- ic value to the owner; which he cannot afford to miss by reason of indifference in furnishing the oppor- tunity. A preliminary step has been taken in the line of educational. work among the unlicensed men. A year ago one of our live commissioners of his own volition inaugurated a night school in the assembly rooms, doing the teach- ing himself. THE MARINE REVIEW be- this "Encouraged by this start, and lieving that there is a demand for work, the welfare committee has ar- ranged for night classes in Duluth, De- troit, Marine City, Cleveland, and Buf- falo, as first experiments. Simple stud- ies consisting of spelling, reading, writ- ing, arithmetic, physiology, history and SHEADLE VICE PRESIDEN). 2h, civil government, have been arranged, with paid teachers obtained from the teaching force of the schools of the re- spective places. The results of this movement are looked forward to with much interest. "Another instrument for good was the organization of the industrial com- February, 1914 mittee last winter. This committee of masters and engineers held a two days session, giving study to that most im- portant subject, the prevention of per- sonal injury on ship board. The com- mittee did its work in a most intellj- gent manner as is shown in its report to the president of the association. The recommendations made were put in pamphlet form and placed in the hands of every man on ship ~ board. . "A record of personal injury cases of the entire membership of the Lake Carriers' Associa- tion had never been kept prior to last year, but without exact fieures for. comparison, / its 4s found by comparing the records of those fleets having such rec- ords for several years, that the number of personal injury cases materially decreased last year as compared with those of the years gone before. "So beneficial have been the results. it is certain "that~ tins committee will from time to time amplify the work so splen- didly begun, for there is not only the great subject of preven- tioh of - personal. injury, ~put there are questions of sanita- tion, the saving of money, and education. The slogan 'Safety First' is being sounded along the line in every industry in this and every other country. "We are living in an age of conservation, and what is more important than the conservation oft human life and limb? It is false economy to save a_ few hours time if by less hurry men can be saved from injury. "It is true however that the majority of personal injury cases come not so much from a lack of physical safeguards, which the owners of ships as well as the managers of factories, mines and railroads, are providing in this latter day, as from _heed- ' lessness and carelessness on the part of the men themselves. "Rules simply 'as rules are of but moderate value unless they are constantly discussed with the men by those in authority, teach- ing them as the manager of a great railroad has said: First, that rules mean something; sec- ond, what they mean; third, that abso- lute compliance must be given to the rules and instructions. The recommend- ation of the industrial committee that each ship have a ship's committee, hold- ing frequent meetings, was a long step in the right direction. The suggestion was adopted by a large number of own-