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February, 1914 than ever before, the expense of operation for the year was smaller than for any year since the association was formed." Mr. Harvey D. Goulder stated that some lesson should be derived from the great November storm. "Can any changes be made in your safer?" he asked. Grain Trade of the Lakes The grain trade of the great lakes has developed wonderfully during the past decade. In fact, the movement "We should look into the matter thor- THE MARINE REVIEW every one felt that : tical execution." ships to make them tricts to Lake Erie docks that the coal trade is rapidly growing and is almost double the movement of even five years ago. The lake tonnage of 77 oughly and not consider the question of expenses. It is the duty of the association to do everything possible for the safety of men aboard the vessels. owners are anxious to have everything done to make their ships safe and their desires should be put into prac- I know vessel Ninety-two per cent of the tonnage enrolled in the as- sociation was represented at the meeting. Use of Oil in Storm Capt. Harwood, of the oil tank steamer Narragansett, whose vessel assisted at the rescue of the Voltur- : ' soft coal from all districts for the , ' of 1913 is three times that of 1904. past' 13: years ection ie ie oe no's passengers, has made an inter- THE Marine Review has tabulated the companying oie esting statement with regard to the movement for the past ten years, ex- oe use of oil. He said he kept the cluding flour, for the purpose of show- ' pumps going under the stern of the 'no the amount aeietle (oe : ie oS Volturno for an hour and 50 minutes, 5 : : : Year. burgh. Ohio. Virginia. Total. did hinted a portation in bulk freighters. Figur- 193 200 did not think ne poured ow oo g 1901 3,795,706 1,954,825 787,572 6,538, Hee ; ing 58 Ibs. to the bushel, as a general 1902 4,704,093 2,689,974 965,769 8,350,636 than about 50 tons of lubricating oil : 1903 6,092,047 2,458,265 1,539,435 10,089, 3 average for all grains, the movement 1904 6,058,383 2,138,247 1,279,876 9,476,506 through a soe sae: ne --_ : 1905 7.443.883 2.062.692 2,109,262 11,615,837 was marvelous, for he minutes during 1913 totaled 9,372,252 Het (Ons, = tae 912871272 2,560,906 2,743,732 14,591,910 ¢ ene. eee howe Gu. which is practically equivalent to the 1907 10.549,995 4,074,296 Sane a ¢ i oe soa : ae é 1908 8,700,000 3,600,000 3,450,00 ,750, irst coming back in minutes wit total ore movement of twenty years jo99 '687'395 3,002,815 3,874,570 15,564,690 1 . ago 4910 11,911,900 4,297,300 6,629,500 22,838,700 21. passengers and the second 10 : : 1911 10,611,941 4,019,544 7,151,200 21,782,685 : . . o Following are the figures for the 912 11'300,000 4676000 7,360,000 23,335,000 'nutes later with seston more. "I decade: 1913 13,415,473 6,176,624 8,736,586 28,328,683 believed in oil before,' said Captain 1913. 1912. 1911. 1910. 1909... 1908 1907. 1906. 1905. 1904. Lake Superior...... 317,051,876 243,110,902 137,924,520 125,505,459 159,773,012 149,500,456 141,599,113 138,614,513 107,550,841 82,959,861 Ghicavo> oo 55,180,000 47,608,600 73,323,100 57,160,600 41,064,866 38,839,907 66,212,264 60,935,993 68,422,821 56,387,495 Milwaukee ........ 11'867-798 16,655,248 20,198,171. 10,894,059 18,811,935 8,390,223 20,674,914 19,061,304 18,439,202 11,828,399 Other ports...... I 1972501672 15,806,389 8,535,765 6,561,053 9,703,490 11,010,600 13,270,154 18,045,691 16,375,388 6,576,944 Total. = oe ae "403,360,346 323,181,139 239,981,556 200,121,171 229,353,303 207,741,186 241,756,445 236,657,501 210,788,252 157,752,699 Totals in net tons.. 11,697,160 9,372,252 6,959,465 5,803,514 6,651,245 6,024,493 7,010,937 6,863,068 6,112,859 4,574,828 Lake Coal Movement During 1913 The coal movement on the great lakes during 1913 presents a decided increase over that of any preceding year. It was known that the move- ment through the canals at Sault Ste. Marie was 3,000,000 tons greater for soft coal and 600,000 tons greater for hard coal than that of 1912, and it now develops that the movement to Lake Michigan ports was also sub- stantially increased. Altogether, 28,- 328,683 net tons of soft coal and 5,033,696 net tons of hard coal were shipped on the lakes during 1913, making a grand total of 33,362,379 tons. This, of course, includes fuel coal, but as there were approximately the same number of vessels in com- mission during 1912 and 1913, the chief gain is in cargo coal. Hard coal shipments during the past nine years have been as follows: . Net tons. ion aes ee 5,033,696 101d. 4,204,741 1 3,917,419 116. 3,639,368 1909: 20° 3,052,706 1008... 3,538,098 1007... ee ee 3,449,695 1906. owe 2°681,808 1005... 2.785,362 It can be seen from the accompany- ing table showing the soft coal ship- ments from the various producing dis- Average Stay in Port Herewith is published a compara- tive statement for the years 1906, (910, 1911, 1912 and 1913, givine the average stays at upper and lower lake ports of vessels of the Pittsburgh Steamship Co. Based upon the fig- ures of 1906, it will be noted that the time of loading and unloading was almost cut in half in 1910, while 1911 shows a decided increase in effi- ciency over 1910. Neither 1912 nor 1913 have equaled the records of 1911, but it must be borne in mind that 1911 was a year of greatly less- ened traffic and that, therefore, there were fewer ships to be handled at docks and consequently a greater state of preparedness to handle them when they came. The record of 1913 is not quite equal to that of 1912, due to la- bor disturbances at docks. Harwood, "but I swear by oil on the troubled waters now. Our experience shows that liners should carry oil tanks as well as boats. They could easily carry 50 to 100 tons. The only drawback that I can see is that if people have to swim in the sea where there is oil they have no chance. If they swallow it they are done." Capt. Harwood added that he had 3,000 tons of lubricating oil on board, and -- used it because he considered it the least liable to take fire. The Isthmian Canal Commission has contracted with the American Bitu- mastic Enamels Co., of New York, for the coating of 40 gas buoys with bitumastic solution and_ bitumastic enamel at $25 each. Year 1906. Year 1910. Year 1911. Year 1912. Year1913. -- : Hrs. Min. Hrs. Min. Hrs. Min. Hrs. Min. Hrs. Min. t in lower lake ye f ee Ge eee 36: 15 22.22 173 29 20 9 21) 419 t in upper lake . Avemnge stay iu upper lak os opt eh Average time spent in port : Vy & disch'g cargoes 58 38 34 = 44 28 19 32 35 21 aoe Gross tons. Gross tons. Grosstons. Gross tons. Gross tons. Average cargo carried...... 5,954 6,634 6,306 6,796 7,283 Largest cargo carried...... 13,333 13,296 11,159 13,007 12,373 Fastest loading record...... Salt it - 9,788 9,362 10,325 5,897 in JO min. in 45 min. .in 25 min. in 155 mim. i975 man f fastest loading rec- wore per Houtes...-- 2. ' 7,288 13,051 22,469 4,136 4,718