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160 ; strength and weight that it can be handled without mechanical appliances, and, if necessary, be thrown from the vessel's deck. 3. It should have not less than 85 cubic decimeters (equivalent to 3 cu. ft.) of air-cases or equivalent buoy- ancy for each person whom it can accommodate. era 4. It should have a deck area of not less than 3,720 square centimeters (equivalent to 4 sq. ft.) for each per- son whom it can accommodate, and the platform should not be less than 15 centimeters (equivalent to 6 in.) above the water level when the raft is loaded. 5. The air-cases or equivalent buoy- THE MARINE REVIEW maximum list under which the lower- ing of the boats is possible on the vessel in question. In Afticle XLIII, Table II fixes, according to the length of the ship: (A) The minimum number of sets of davits to be provided, to each of which must be attached a boat of the first class. (B) The minimum total number of open boats of the first class, which must be attached to davits. | : (C) The minimum boat capacity required, including the boats attached to davits and the additional boats. Article XLIX of the regulations states that every ship shall be pro- ancy should be placed as near as pos- sible to the sides of the raft. All the boats and rafts must be stowed in such a way that they can be launched in the shortest possible time and that, even under unfavorable con--- ditions of list and trim from the point of view of the handling of the boats and rafts, it may be possible to. em- bark in them as large a number of persons as_ possible. Whe) davits> shall be of: such strength that the boats can be lowered with their full complement of per- sons and equipment, the ship being assumed to have a list of 15 degrees. The davits must be fitted with a gear of sufficient power to insute that the boat can be turned out against the vided with powerful pumps operated by steam or other means. On ships of less than 4,000 tons, there shall be two, and on larger ships three of these pumps. The pumps shall be capable of delivering a sufficient quan- tity of water in two powerful jets sim- ultaneously in any given part of the vessel, and shall' be available for im- mediate use before the vessel leaves port. The service pipes shall permit of two powerful jets of water being simultaneously directed on any given part of deck occupied by passengers and crew, when the watertight and fireproof doors are closed. The ser- vice pipes and hoses shall be of am- ple size and made of suitable material. The branches of the pipes shall be so April, 1914 placed on each deck that the fire hose can be easily coupled to them. Provision shall be made whereby both two powerful jets of water and a - sufficient supply of steam may be conveyed to every space filled with cargo. Provision for the supply of steam need not be required in ships of less than 1,000 tons. A sufficient num- ber of portable fluid fire extinguishers, or those of other efficient types, shall , be provided, at least two being carried in each machinery space. Two equip- ments, consisting of a smoke helmet and a safety lamp, shall be carried on board and kept in two different places, All the fire extinguishing appliances shall be thoroughly examined at least once a year by a surveyor appointed by the government. TABLE II. (A) CB) (C) Min. Min. : No. No. of Minimum capacity General of sets open boats of lifeboats. -- Registered Length of the Ship. of e of the Cubic cane Metres. : - Feet. davits. first class. metres. eet. The convention shall co in -oliana under: 37, 100 and under 120 2 2 28 : 980 : se Ie force 37 of under 43 120 and under 140 2 2 35 eee on July 1, 1915, and shall remain in 43 and under 49 140 and under 160 2 2 44 1,550 i i imi 49 and under 53 160 and under 175 3 3 53 1,880 force without aBy. prescribed limit of ze ud unde: 58 175 and under 190 3 3 68 2,390 time. Any high contracting party and under 63 190 and under 205 4 4 78 2,740 : 63 and under 67 205 and under 220 4. 4 94 3,330 may, however, denounce it at ony 67 and under 70 220 and under 230 5 4 110 3,900 time after an interval of five years. 70 and under 75 ' *° 230 and under 245 5 4 129 4,560 ° : 75 and under 78 245 and under 255 6 5 144 5,100 The convention shall be ratified not and under 82 255 and under 270 6 5 160 5,640 2 82 and under 87 270 and under 285 ae: 5 175 6,190 later thay Bees ies and hee 87 and under 91 285 and under 300 7 5 196°. 6,930 vention may be modified at subse- and under 96 300 and under 315 8 6 214 7,550 ; Oe apd index 20k Bis andl audes 340 8 6 245-4 gepdg quent conferences of which the first 101 and under 107 330 and under 350 9 7 255 9,000 shall be held, if necessary, in 1920. 107 and wader' 113: 350 and under 370 9 7 273 9,630 : : 113 and under 119 370 and under 390 10 7 301 10.650 The foregoing abstract of the con- and under and und 410 Ti A ' j 125 and under 133 e410 vand sade: 435 i ; oa sien vention has been prepared witha View 133 and under 140 435 and under 460 -- 12 9 408 14,430 - to give, as far as possible, a sum- 140 and under 149 460 and under 490 14 10 451 15,920 ' { i i 149 and under 159 -490 and under 520 14 10 490 17,310 mary of all points affecting ship build- and under 168 520 and under .550 - 16 1 : 168 and under 177° 550 and under 580 16 io se sees -- 177 and under 186 580 and under 610 18 13 620 21,900 and under 10 and under 640 18 13 6 : : 195 and under 204 640 and under 670 20 14 ae ey ' : and under 670 and under 700 20 14 ; 213 and under 223 700 and under 730 22 alee - pees McArthur Jacob Ladder 223 and under 232 730 and under 760 22 15 854 30,180 , - 232 and under 241 | 760 and undet 790 24 17 908 32,100 The McArthur Jacobs' -- ladder. 241 and under 250 = = 790 and under 820 24 17 972 34,35 vhich i i itsel i ful 250 and under 261 820 and under 855 26 18 1,031 36 ep ae is Pioning itsell quite 2 oo and lander aa 853 and under 890 26 18 1,097 38,750 aboard lake ships, has been consid- an ° ' 282 and under 293, O25 and under < 960 28 ee ee Tes erably. tmproved: of late. 1 as under 303 960 and under 995 30 20 1319 46,350 made in sections of any desired and under 314 995 and under 1,030 30 ( ; 20 1,380 48,750. 1 : ' 1 ength, doing "away with - the tele- scopic feature of the earlier type. These sections can be joined together by snap hooks instantly, adapting the length to light or loaded trim of vessel. The popular type is of three sections, 13, 8 and 6 ft. long, making a total length of 27 ft. and a variety of shorter combinations. The ladder is constructed of plow steel with aluminum steps, It is light in weight but very strong, and by means of the new two-tooth prongs gives a very firm footing. When not in use it can be rolled up, occupying very little space. Capt. Charles A. Benham, of the steamer John Stanton, Capt. Ed- ward Fitch, of the steamer Utley, and Capt. B. M. Landfair, of the steamer La Belle, used the ladders last seasom and recommend them highly. ai ae tag eat eS