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180 which are used in operating the var- ious parts of the dumper aggregate a total length of more than two miles, and range from %4 to 1% in. in diam- eter. 4 : The accompanying photographs show the dumper in the act of dis- charging the contents of a 50-ton steel car. Fig. 1 shows the car in the act of being overturned; in Fig. 2 the car has been overturned and the con- tents are being discharged, while in Fig. 3 the car has been turned through the full angle of 135 degrees, is completely empty and is ready to be turned back into the vertical po- sition and lowered. The tracks leading to the dumper are four in number and are known. in railroad parlance, as "hump" tracks. The loaded cars are brought by lo- comotives to the top of the hump. which is about 700 or 800 feet distant from the dumping machine. From the hump they are dropped by gravity, one at a time, down a 5 per cent grade which terminates in a dip in the track about 100 ft. from the dumper. Here they are picked up by a cable- eperated "barney" hoist, which comes THE MARINE REVIEW returning the car passes through a spring-switch in the track, thus being diverted to another inclined track which guides the empty to the "empty" yard. Owing to the momen- tum acquired by the cars from the kick-back and the incline, they roll into place in the yard, the trains of empties thus assembling themselves automatically. Indeed, from the time the cars are deposited at the top of the hump, until they are pulled out May, 1914 plant which is located at the top of the hump. This is a 40 x 300-ft., re- inforced concrete building which spans three of the loaded tracks, the fourth track passing alongside it. Seven cars can be accommodated on each track, thus giving the thawing plant an aggregate capacity of 21 cars, When in operation, the ends of the building are sealed by insulated doors. The heating plant consists of steam coils arranged in series, and three FIG. 2--COAL DUMPER AT GREENWICH POINT DISCHARGING CONTENTS OF CAR INTO PAN up out of a pit between the tracks, and which runs on narrow-gage tracks. located between the wide-gage tracks. The barney hoist, by means of a steel ram, engages the coupler of the loaded car and pushes it up a 10 per cent incline to the machine. Here the car is spotted on the platform of the tipple, four steel clamping arms en- gaging its sides and top, in order that it may be held securely in position. The tipple then is elevated and ro- tated through an angle of 135 degrees, after which the car having been emp- tied. of its contents, is lowered to its original position. The next loaded car, being pushed up the incline by the barney hoist strikes the empty, causing it to roll down an incline to the outer cnd of the pier. Here the track terminates in a °"kick-back" or sharp ascent: which reverses the movement of the car. In of the yard as empties their move- ment, with the exception of the short haul by the barney hoist, is effected entirely by gravity. Each car, in order that the couplers may be set properly and the brakes be controlled, is accompanied by a brakeman. As the empty and loaded yards parallel each other, not much time is lost by the brakeman in climbing aboard an- other loaded car after having dis- mounted from an empty. The capacity of the loaded yard, from which the car dumper is fed by gravity, is 55 cars in the aggregate. The capacity of the empty yard is 65 cars. Adjacent to the coal dump- ing plant is the Greenwich yard, with a storage capacity of about 1,500 loaded cars and from this source the coal dumper is supplied. The.cars, in cold weather, are sub- jected to treatment in a thawing engine-driven fans, located in the top of the building in what is partitioned off as a sort of second story. In the horizontal partition holes are spaced off at regular intervals, and by means of these, air is exhausted from the lower portion of the building, being induced through the steam coils. The heated air then passes through gal- vanized pipe of large diameter which lead to six rows of galvanized wall pipe that extend the length of the building, the pipe being spaced about 3 ft. apart. From these, the heated air is discharged, coming in contact with the bottoms and sides of the cars. After having been projected against the cars, the air ascends and again is exhausted through the holes and passed through the steam coils. Thus is maintained a constant circu- lation of the atmosphere within the building, no heat being wasted.