The following text may have been generated by Optical Character Recognition, with varying degrees of accuracy. Reader beware!

192 ically taken to the weather bureau for correction. - It was also recommended that all - owners of Lake Carriers vessels should supply at least one reliable clock--a Chelsea or one of equal merit. This was approved. . It was also recommended that all vessels of the association be equipped with water lights to be attached to the ring life buoys and ready for im- mediate use. Water-tight tubular tin cases will also be carried for the purpose of floating a last message ashore should a vessel be lost. It was recommended that all ships be fitted with storm oil tanks and this was heartily approved. The committee recommended that the policy of having a wheelsman stand a three-hour watch at the wheel and three hours on the lookout, which has been in effect on about 50 per cent of the Lake Carriers vessels, be adopted by all of the vessel owners of the association and insist upon its being carried out on the boats. There was considerable discussion on this recommendation, Mr. Lloyd stating that it did not help them in the package freight trade, though they had endeavored to observe it. Mr. Coulby felt that the day of a six-hour watch at the wheel was about over. The lakes is practically the only place in the world where such a practice is followed. He also thought it was a great benefit to vessel owners in that it made four wheelsmen forward in- stead of two. He felt, however, that conditions were somewhat different in the package freight trade and should be recognized, but Mr. Lloyd said he was not prepared to say that he want- ed the package freighters eliminated and was willing to try the three-hour watch for another year. The recom- mendation was then approved. The committee reported that the rule on inside and outside courses, which had been given a thorough trial, was a good one, and recommended that it be carried out by all the ves- sels in the association, as it would tend to make navigation on the lakes safer. It was felt that if it was gener- ally followed there would be less danger of vessels meeting, and it was accord- ingly adopted. Mr. Coulby then asked Harvey D. Goulder, counsel, whether a_ vessel coming down on the inside course and colliding with an upbound vessel would suffer a handicap in court by reason of that fact. Mr. Goulder held that the vessel would be handicapped be- cause it had not observed custom. THE MARINE REVIEW The outside courses are designated as follows: Lake Superior 1. Draw a line on your chart from point of departure to point 6 miles north of Devil Island, thence to a point 10 miles north of Copper Har- bor, then to Whitefish. Lake Huron 1. Draw a line on your chart from Detour passage to a point 10 miles east northeast of Thunder Bay Island light (this will be about 8 miles off Presque Isle light). Thence from this point off Thunder Bay Island light to a point 10 miles off Harbor Beach, thence to Lake Huron light vessel. 2. All down-bound ships will keep to the northward on Lake Superior, and to eastward on Lake Huron of these lines, and all up-bound ships to the southward on Lake Superior and to the westward on Lake Huron... Up-bound ships should give the line a good margin of leeway. The only exception that should be made to this rule is when in the judgment of the captain he deems it wise to deviate on account of heavy weather. 3. That boats coming out from the Straits of Mackinac and downbound should continue on their course from _Nine-Mile Point until they have ar- rived at the intersecting point of the down-bound course on Lake Huron, before attempting their course down the lake. The various aids to navigation recom- mended in the way of buoys, lights, etc., were turned over to President Livingstone to obtain government ac- tion as opportunity presented itself. The list embraced a number of im- provements which probably will not be obtained for several years. Presi- dent Livingstone in his general talk, however, indicated that the Living- stone channel should have fixed lights as navigators as a rule are more or less afraid of this channel after dark. In a tentative way the subject has also been broached of a new channel for downbound boats from the head of Russell Island to Lake St. Clair on the American side, which would, of course, eliminate the dangers of the southeast bend. Mr. Coulby felt that it should be im- pressed upon all captains to report to President Livingstone instantly. any lights out or misplaced that they may discover. Should 50 or more such re- ports enter the president's office re- garding a single light, it could not fail to have an impression upon the department. Mr. Sheadle in closing referred to the work which the Lake Carriers' May, 1914 Association is attempting to do and dealt particularly upon its present campaign for sanitation. He also de- sired the members to appreciate that everything that is being undertaken is for their own personal interest, that the things contemplated are al] eco- nomic and economic to the vessel owner's advantage. He felt that if the various circularg*which the association is sending to the boats were treated merely as literatare, that they would fall 90 per cent short of the mark. They should receive the cordial and enthusiastic support of all owners. This point was also emphasized by President Livingstone, who thought that all such information should be accompanied with a personal letter from the owner. Especial aftention was directed to a circular calling attention to the ne- cessity of shipping men through the assembly rooms and Mr. Sheadle felt that there should be back of this the deep personal interest of every own- er. He said that he would like to see every man stand up and give it his -personal endorsement and all did so to the man. In "closing, Mr. Coulby said it was not so much the matter what anyone else was doing. The question before each one of them was as to what they were doing themselves. He addressed himself especially to the younger ele- ment present and told them that he knew from experience that they were up against a stiff proposition, but he hoped that they would keep everlast- ingly at it because the results to be - achieved were certainly much to be de- sired. Those present were: William Liv- ingstone, L. C. Waldo, Detroit; Harry Coulby, J. H. Sheadle, Harvey D. Goulder, George Marr, J. Burton Ayers, R. A. Williams, George Stein- brenner, J. S. Ashley, John T. Kelley, Ae Fo Harvey, O. C: Canheld, 42: R. Schneider, Charles L. Hutchinson, Walter M. Williams, Archie Thomp- son, A..T. Kinney, Capt. Stewart, & D. Mitchell, W. D. Becker, of Cleve- land; W. E. Lloyd and John Boland, Buffalo; Capt. D. Sullivan and W. H. Smith, Chicago; W. M. Mills, North Tonawanda; John Craig, Toledo; W. D. Dyer, Pittsburgh. In dredging the Columbia river bar channel the scraper-suction dredge Columbia is reported to be handling sand at a cost to the government ot 2%4 cents per cubic yard. It would be interesting to know whether in- terest, maintenance and depreciation are included in this figure. sail St as aie ok ig a fey Osea ts