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264 tory trial recently, obtaining a speed of a little over 11 knots on the meas- ured mile, after which a continuous trial of 24 hours, duration was com- menced. During the whole of the 'trials all parts of the machinery THE MARINE REVIEW worked smoothly and to the entire satisfaction of the owners' represen- tatives. On the voyage from Dun- dee to the Thames, the vessel was !n- tentionally run at about three-fourths power, giving an average speed of July, 1914 nine knots at 104 R. P. M. The ship will be employed in the American. Spanish oil trade. The particulars embodied in this article were ob- tained from the shipbuilder, castle-on-Tyne, England. New- ~ ie Merit System A System of Examinations for Promotion from Assistant to Chief Engineers' Grade on One of the Lake Fleets NE of the fleets operating on the O great lakes has a system of ex- aminations for promotion from 'assistant to chief engineer's grade. The examinations are written and the an- swers are to be prepared without assist- ance. A value is attached to each ques- tion and another value, equal to the sum of these, is attached to the candi- date's practical and personal qualifica- tions, including sobriety; attention to duty, cleanliness, initiative; care of men, property and supplies, etc., so that his - service record counts equally with the technical but a passing mark of at least 80 per cent is required in the for- mer and 65 per cent in the latter. The same set of questions may be put to several candidates at one time but are not used a second time. A typical set prepared for a recent examination is presented herewith. It will be seen that none calls for more than a knowledge of the simple rules of arithmetic and mensuration though some are framed to test the candidate's reasoning powers and his understanding of ordinary engineering problems. To this set one candidate's answers were 95 per cent correct. : It can scarcely be doubted that such tests of fitness are in the highest de- gree valuable to both candidates and owners. 1--State your age and experience in full. 2--Give, from memory or notes, the following particulars of the last ship you served on: A--Sizes of main engine. B--Sizes of air pump. C--Sizes of feed pump. D--Diameter and pitch of pro- peller. E--Diameter and length of boil- ers. F--Grate area. G--Number and diameter of tubes. 3--What are the objects of mechan- ical draft? 4--What are the objects of heating air before admission to furnaces? 5--What are the essential differences between positive and induced draft? 6--State the advantages of each. 7--What is smoke and what causes it? 8--How may it be prevented? 9--Is its prevention conductive to economy and to what extent? 10--How is the proper air pressure under fires determined? 11--Whhat is the effect of an unneces- sarily high pressure? 12--What is the effect of too low a pressure? 13--What natural law causes so-called natural' "dratte 14--How does height of smokestack affect it? 15--What is the most desirable stack temperature? 16--How are stack temperatures an indication of boiler efficiency? 17--How are stack temperatures af- fected by air leaks in induced or natural draft systems? 18--How are boiler efficiencies affect- ed by air leaks? 19--Define circulation; state its effect upon the efficiency of a boiler. 20--In a flat surface supported by Stays spaced 6 in. x 7: in, and carrying 150 pounds, what is the load upon the stay? 21--What should be the least area of a stay to support a load of 170 Ib. per in. on a surface 6% in. x 634 in. allowing 6,000 Ib. "per sq. in. of section? 22--Suppose, on taking charge of a boiler, you found that the screw stays were carrying a load of 7,900 lb. each while the rules only allowed 7,000 lb., how can the condition be remedied with- out enlarging all stays and with- out reducing the working pres- sure? 23--The tubes in a boiler are 324. in. outside diameter, spaced 414 in. vertically and 414 in. horizontal- ly; the working pressure is 175 lb; what is the load stayed by each tube? 24--Suppose you had to cut out and plug one tube, what would be the effect on the tubes immedi- ately above and below and at each side? 25--If the above tubes are 3 in. inside diameter, what is the load per square inch of section? 26--A ship makes 12 miles per hour with a propeller 13 ft. diameter, 15 ft. pitch at 80 revolutions; what is the slip? 27--If the same propeller has 15 per cent slip, what will be the reyo- lutions to make 12 miles? 28--Give the speed of ship with the same propeller at 75 revolutions and 12 per cent slip. 29--With the ordinary link gear, what is the effect of linking up on travel, admission, cut-off, lease and compression? EE- *30--A valve has 134 in. outside lap and no inside lap and a travel of 6% in.; what are the steam and exhaust openings? 31--If the travel is reduced to 534 ine what will the openings be? 32--Can eccentrics be set without moving the engine from one cen- ter, and if so, how? 33--If the link is placed in mid-gear and the engine turned, what will be the movement of the valve? 34--Suppose one eccentric to have slipped, how can it be quickly reset without tramming or moving engine? 35--If a link is ordinarily run hooked up and the backing eccentric should slip slightly, what would be the effect on the go-ahead motion? 36--In what important respect does the operation of the Joy gear differ from the link? 37--How does hooking up in a Joy gear affect valve movement and events as named in Question 29? 38--Describe the process of setting a Joy valve gear. 39--If a valve 4 in. diameter is placed in a 3-in. pipe line, how much lift should it have to give same area of opening as the line? 40--In a 3-in. pipe the flow of water is 300 ft. per minute with a 3-in. valve on the line open 3% in.