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July, 1914 What is the rate of flow through the valve? 41--A 4-in. steam pipe has an opening with an area of 1 sq. in. at one end tHrough which steam is flowing at the rate of 10,000 ft. per min., what is the rate of flow in the pipe? 42--A column of water 1 ft. high ex- erts a pressure of 0.43 1b. A pump located 12 ft. below the water line and taking water from the sea has to lift to a height of 35 fit.. above the ptimp... What pressure has the pump to over- come? 43---A pump has a steam cylinder 9 in. diameter and an available steam pressure of 100 lb. The water end is 5 in. diameter. Assum- ing 10 per cent to be absorbed in friction, what water pressure is obtainable? 44_-A feed pump has a single water cylinder 7 in. diameter and 18 in. stroke and makes ten strokes per minute each way. How many pounds of water does it deliver, assuming 6134 lb. per ei ft? 45--Assuming an evaporation rate of 10 lb. water per pound of coal, how much coal per hour will be required to evaporate it? 46--A ship needs a new feed pump. Her high pressure cylinder is 20-in. diameter, 42-in. stroke. Her full-gear cut-off is 32 in. and her revolutions 85 per min- ute. The steam she uses weighs 0.38 Ib. per cu. ft. To this is to be added 15 per cent for clear- ance and various auxiliaries. How many cubic feet of water per minute must be provided for at 6134 Ib. per cu. ft. 47--Adding 50 per cent to the above for slippage, etc, what size single pump will be required at 10 double strokes per min- uter 48--The auxiliaries of a ship use 10 per cent of the 'total. coal burned.. The temperature of the hot well is 140 deg. The tem- perature of the feed water due to heat recovered from auxil- iaries is 204 deg. If each degree is equal to 0.1 per cent fuel, what is the net coal used by auxiliaries? 49--A ship has a bunker 12 x 40 ft. in which the depth of coal av- erages 8 ft. At 42 cu. ft. per ton, how many hours can she steam burning 1,500 Ib. per hour? SOA ship has coal to steam 100 miles at 12 miles per- hour, us- ing 2,000 Ib. per hour. By re- 'the next figure, THE MARINE REVIEW ducing speed to 10 miles and her coal to 1,200 Ib. per hour, how far can she steam? . Daily Weather Bulletin by Radio It is announced that June 1, 1914, a daily weather bulletin for the Great Lakes will be distrib- uted broadcast by the naval radio station at Radio, Va., a few minutes after 10 p. m., each day, immediately after the bulletin for the North At- lantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. The broadcast distribution of this bulletin will be exclusively by the naval radio station named. The daily bulletin will consist of two parts. The first part will contain code letters and figures which will express the actual weather. conditions at 8 p. m., 75th meridian time, on the day of distribution at certain points along the Great Lakes. The second part of the bulletin will contain a special forecast of the probable winds to be experienced on the Lakes made by the United States Weather Bureau for distribution to shipmas- ters by naval radio as above during the season of navigation on the Great Lakes--about April 15 to Dec. 10. The points for which weather con- ditions will be furnished will be des- ignated as follows: Du = Duluth, M@ == "Marquette, U = Sault Ste Marie, G..== "Green: Bay, Ch = Chicago, Alpena, D = Detroit, V = Cleveland, F = Buffalo. The grouping has been by lakes beginning with Superior and ending with Erie. The bulletin will begin with the letters U.S W. B for U. S. Weather Bureau, and the weather conditions will follow. The first three figures of a report will represent a baromet- ric pressure in inches (0.02 = 30.02); the fourth in se- quence, will represent the direction of the wind to eight points of the compass: 1 = north, 2 = northeast, 3 = east, 4 = southeast, 5 = south, 6 = southwest, 7 = west, 8 = north- west, and 0 = calm. The fifth figure will represent the force of the . wind on the Beaufort scale. Beaufort Scale Force. Designation. hie cee hour ; Os) Calin 2 ee el ees . From Oto 1 Light air, .2 3s "eens Over 3to re 2 Light breeze (or wind) owe Over 8 to 3 Gentle breeze (or wind) ..3-s- Over 13 to 18 4 Moderate breeze (or. wind). Over 18 to - 5 Fresh breeze (or wind).... Over 23 to " 6 Strong breeze (or wind)... Over 28 to a 7 Moderate gale........++--- Over 34 to . 8 Fresh gale.........+++ees> Over 40 to = 9 Strong gale........-.s-++-: Over = . a 10 Whole gale........--++e++> Over = a 14° Storm, . -. 2. oe eee ees Dyer f to 12 Hurricane.......---+-++++-+> Over In order to simplify the code 'no provision has been made for wind beginning. 265 force greater than 9, strong gale on the Beaufort scale. Whenever winds of force greater than 9 'occur the number representing them will be given in words instead of figures, thus: ten, eleven, etc. If the weath- er conditions from any station can- not be supplied, the initial of the Station will be given followed by the word "missing", and if any por- tion of a report cannot be furnished, such portion will be replaced by an equivalent number of letters "x", Example of Code - U S W'B Du 95826 M 97635 U 00443 G 96046 €h 95667 L00644 D00842 V 01054 F 01656. Translation United States Weather Bureau. : Wind. - Stations. Pressure. Direction. Force. Dulath 2... 29.58 NE. 6 Marquette..... 29.76 E. 5 Sault Ste. Marie 30.04 SE. 3 Green Bay..... 29.60 SE. 6 Chicago.., 3c. 29.56 SW. 7 Alpenai. 2758: 30.06 SE. 4 Detroit.) ..35. 30.08 SE. 2 Cleveland...... 30.10 S. 4 Buttalo.s...c08 30.16 S: 6 The second part of the bulletin will contain a wind forecast for the Great Lakes, Lakes Superior, Michigan and Huron being considered the Upper Lakes, and Lakes Erie and Ontario the Lower Lakes. The forecasts and warnings will be in ordinary language and will cover a period of 24 hours from time of issue. At the end of the forecasts a statement will be made in reference to the location and movement of any barometric depression that -may be likely to affect the winds over the lakes. Example of Forecasts and Warnings "Winds Thursday on the Upper Lakes strong east to northeast, prob- ably reaching gale force. On Lower Lakes, fresh to strong east and south- east winds. Northeast storm warn- ings are displayed on Lakes Superior, Michigan and Huron." The Lighthouse Board has accepted the bid. of Hall Brothers, Winslow, Wash., for the construction of the lighthouse tender Fern, to cost $62,- 000, for service in Alaskan waters and to take the place of the Armeria lost about two years ago. The sidewheel steel ferryboat Han- over, 180 by 32 by 9 ft. built by the Harlan & Hollingsworth Corp., Wil- mington, Del., for the Louisville Nav- igation Co., made a satisfactory trial trip on May 27, and will be ready ior service on the first of June.