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July, 1914 sounded and battle stations manned, every man has his station and his werk and he performs it with an ef- ficiency not surpassed in any other calling in the world. THE MARINE REVIEW ternoons and all day Sunday are pe- riods of rest except for such work as is required in the actual handling of the ship Naturally I was most interested in WAITING FOR THE MAIL FROM HOME A day's routine aboard a man of war is precise, but not difficult. All hands except those having the night watch are called at 5:00 a. m, coffee being served. before work is started. At 5:30 the decks are swept and scrubbed down and any special morning orders executed. At 7:00 the balance of the hammocks come down, and the uniform for the day is an- nounced, breakfast being served at 7:30... Bright. awork:.is. piped wat. 8:15, and at 9:15 all hands muster at quar- ters for inspection and physical exer- cise, which is followed by such drills as may be ordered to take up the time until 11:15. Dinner is served at 12-00: and. from: 12:30- till 1:00 the band plays and the men amuse them- selves listening, dancing or in any other way they choose. The period from 1:15 to 4:00 is used for drills or ship work, consisting of painting, Scraping or anything else that may be necessary to keep the ship in order. Regular work ceases at 4:00 and sup- per is served at 5:30 or 6:00, depend- ing on the season, after which another band concert takes place, followed by -- boxing, wrestling or moving picture Shows. Hammocks are piped at 7:30 and tattoo with its accompanying' si- lence is sounded at 9:00. This routine is of: course independent from the actual work of navigating the ship and handling the engine room, which 1s divided into four-hour watches ex- cept that in order to secure a proper rotation, the afternoon watch is di- vided; the first dog-watch being from 4 to 6 and the second dog-watch from 6 to 8. Wednesday and Saturday af- the routine of the navigational division and found my assignment as assistant navigator a most interesting and in- structive one. For while I have spe- cial master's papers on the lakes, and had given some. study to the theory of astronomical navigation and the handling of a sextant, the actual work- ing out of latitude and longitude sights and the determining of a ship's posi- tion by such means was entirely new, but under my orders to do a "day's work" as prescribed for a navigator, I had no course but to turn to and learn as quickly as possible. 267 captain and the commanding officer of the fleet. The first position is prac- tically always a dead-reckoning posi- tion; the noon position an astrohom- ical fix and the 'evening position a combination of afternoon sights and dead reckoning. As early as possible after the sun was 10 degrees above the horizon, we took our first sight for longitude, taking an azimuth of the sun at the same time, both in order "to check our compasses and because this is required in solving the problem for position. In working this position owt, the dead reckoning position of the ship at the time.of observation is uséd and the result shows that the ship is actually on a line perpendicular to a line running from the dead reckoning position of the ship to the sun, either neater to or farther away from the sun than this D. R. position by the number of miles shown by the result of the computation. As the ship may be anywhere on this line, the informa- tion is of value only in connection with a second observation giving an- other line at an angle to the first so that an intersection of the two can give a definite position. In order to get these lines, it was our practice to take at least two more observations before 11:00 o'clock. In addition it was necessary to check up the compasses for deviation which is large and con- stantly varying, to figure out the cor- rection to be applied to the chronom- eter on account of the change of long- itude and to compute tables for deter- mining the meridian altitude of the sun a few minutes in advance of noon. In the meantime the navigator and his The regulations provide that: the navigator report the position of the ship by dead-reckoning and observa- tion at 8:00 a. m. to the captain and at noon and at 8:00 p. m. to both the SCRAPING AND PAINTING assistants relieved: the officers of the deck at 9:15 to allow the latter to go to the quarters for drill and handled the ship until retreat was sounded at about 11:00 o'clock. From 11:40 to a