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July, 1914 THE MARINE REVIEW FIG. 12 cylinder blade ring or spindle is re- moved to permit inserting the last one Or two packing pieces, the space cut out of the dovetail for this purpose being finally filled with a soft caulk- ing piece. In the case of the very largest blades where it is undesirable to remove Part of the undercut of the spindle Sroove, the blades are held in place with double wedges, as shown in Fig. 12. The same form of comma lash- ing wire, which has been so success- fully employed by the Westinghouse Machine Co., has been retained in Marine turbines. The "upsetting of the ends of the blades and tapering of the normal section towards the tip of the blades, very materially increases the resist- ance of the blades to bending stresses, 281 and also to those very serious stresses arising from vibration, and whereas in all other forms of reaction blading attachments the weakest section of the blade is where it meets the cylin- der or spindle, this is the strongest point of the blade in the Westing- house design. This is very clearly shown by the fact that when the lip, Fig. 14, is gripped in a vise and the end of the blade subjected to a bend- ing pressure, the first indication of FIG. 13 whatever occurs some two or three inches from the lip in long blades, and, of course, at a somewhat shorter distance from the lip in very small blades. The result of this method of blading is that even most serious rubs between the blades any bending °