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Fig. 1—Great Lakes Freighters Laid Up for the Winter in Cleveland Harbor ake INCE days of old, when the pow- der burned tars of Constirution’s crew, side by side with Great Lakes lads, worked the guns. on the battered decks of the old Nracara and LAWRENCE, a certain rivalry has ex- isted between salt and fresh water sailors. chloride in the element which buoys a ship, or the fact that Europe, in- stead of Ontario, lies beyond the blue horizon, constitute a ground for su- periority, or not? Many a seadog, possibly a little out of temper with the unaccustomed idleness of a smok- FIG, 2—A SNUG BERTH FOR THE WINTER SS WO WN WN Does the presence of sodium- . 8 eS ee A Description of the Methods by Which Executives of Cargo Fleets Refit and Repair Vessels and Purchase Supplies During the Winter Season ing car seat on a Lake Shore flyer, has sneered disdainfully at the ap- parent emptiness of the vista. “Li- ners! Windjammers! Tugs! Mos- quito craft! Where are they? Only three hulls sighted since we left Cleveland. Great Lakes! Why, shiver my timbers, they haven’t any ship- ping at all!’ Could one of these disgruntled tars witness the endless procession of tall ships passing through the Soo; could he see the mighty fleets discharging wheat at Buffalo or iron ore at Con- neaut or Ashtabula, he would enter- 54 By F. A. Churchill Jr. tain a different and more respectful ' opinion of Lake maritime activities. A glance through the 1915 Red Book, with its lists of the hundreds and hundreds of big freighters which ply those same lakes, supplying the na- tion and the world with the vital ele- ments of the two prime necessities, iron and breadstuffs, would modify his views to an even greater degree. And did he know that these hosts of ships are active but seven or eight months in the year, being moored snugly behind ice-shrouded break- waters or in frozen rivers all the rest GILCHRIS FIG. 3—BEHIND BUFFALO BREAKWATER