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‘October, 1916 is also noted for Russia. German and Austrian shipping, the former second only to Great Britain and growing rap- idly before the war, have disappeared from the statistics for 1915. The accompanying table shows the entries of steam vessels at Brazilian ports for 1913, 1914 and 1915, classified by nationalities of vessels. In addition to the statistics given, there were 4,956 sailing vessels of 415,879 tons that entered Brazilian ports during 1915, compared with 5,170 vessels of 385,609 tons for 1914, and 6,295 vessels of 606,256 tons for 1913. Of the total for 1915, 4,639 sailing vessels were Brazilian, 99 American, 89 British, 49 Norwegian and 40 Argentine. The year 1915 showed a very visible increase over the preceding one in the number of American vessels entering and leaving the port of Rio de Janeiro. From Jan. 1 to June 30, 42 American vessels entered the harbor, against nine America Handles More Brazilian Trade ; : —1913— Nationality. No. Tonnage. BA ob hoes 2 15,162 10,092,773 MAIS act ko eS 2,951 9,802,442 PrermieH es oo sis os Gk oa, ad J532t 4,253,729 PO oie ag cae ws 409 1,296,312 Italian Roe CCR eer eas 340 1,089,199 Muistriane se. ee 191 556,958 PUNO ier Sere ys vis ase 140 550,148 Argentine Sete tigtc Reaves 568 225,163 AVOPWORIEN: on iieae ag 41 50,715 Spanish apr eeh ep ane wares 38 130,065 BSWeMIOH her wos sees oy 70 157,851 Ureguayan ws 6. ste es 75 66,059 BI Gnas ee ain ass s 68 125,654 Watisher. <5 (0 ah ec, 29 52,498 PRAisSiam es ein eee oe 1 1,616 American oes ret. 10 37,057 Greele eek tie ee 10 24,240 PATeRUaAyatl ! ss anes 49 14,112 PANANESE Sus, oa pea eis e 17,870 MAI other 8.03 suse bea 9% 19,532 Total 21,487 28,563,993 Cr er ee ee) for the corresponding period in 1914. They were classified as follows: Steam- ships, 14; barks, one; sailing ships, one; | schooners, 26. The latter half of 1915 again showed a substantial increase in number of vessels over the first half of the year and nearly four times as many in con- trast with the corresponding last six months of the previous year. During these six months a total of 61 Amer- ican vessels, against 17. in the last six months of 1914, entered Rio de Janeiro, 47 being steamships and 14 schooners. Therefore, a total of 103 American ves- sels came into that port in 1915, con- trasted with 26 for the preceding year. Only three ships flying the American flag anchored in Rio de Janeiro in 1911; 103 anchored there last year. Capt. A. W. McKinnon of the British steamship Prince GEorGE, is at his home in Yarmouth, N. S., as the result of in- juries sustained by a fall into a dry dock. THE’ MARIN®E REVIEW SS <S Every Vessel is Searche 351 A Description of England's Method of Carrying on the Blockade Against Germany HE most detailed description | of the British system of block- ade which has been given, was presented to the members of the American Luncheon Club at London by-: Sir Frank Newnes, itt a recent address, Sir Frank. is acting as assistant secretary of the committee on detention of neutral ships, presided over by Lord Peel. His explanation of the system fol- lows: “Every ship east or west bound passing up or down the English chan- nel or by the north of Scotland, is stopped by one of the British men-of- war, boarded and examined. These —1914— —1915— 0. Tonnage, No. Tonnage. 13,094 8,717,146 13,865 8,817,519 2,111 7,657,416 1,492 5,027,326 839° 2,823,900 SAU Gea ny RE 336 1,180,415 303 1,023,742 244 846,630 300 88,939 105 306,181 aes ote 197 818,822 343 1,602,208: 494 201,254 602 252,796 84 136,083 149 277,933 83 263,798 79 260,066 74 166,373 114 244,577 49 49,240 48 32,377 46 97,380 3 7,242 13 22,046 68 121,556 ey Peon 3 10,591 39 137,981 95 334,812 4 9,035 16 34,060 88 19,566 150 33,240 2 7,124 divle wee las relics 1 59 13 9,908 17,903 23,460,449 17,643 19,078,892 ships are armed merchantmen and are on duty right across from the north of Scotland to Norway, one ship every 20 miles—they are manned by the royal naval reserve men from the mercantile marine who are used to examining ships’ papers and docu- ments. A copy of the ships’ manifest is then wired up to London—and to give you some idea of the labor in- volved some ships have between 300 and 600 different descriptions of goods on board, all of which have to be sent out—and thus these telegrams run to many thousands of words. The tele- graphed manifest goes at once before the contraband committee, which sits every day and all day. The commit- tee considers each item, and if it has any reasonable suspicion that any items are destined for the enemy, the ship will be detained and ordered to unload the suspected items at a suit- able port. If she has nothing sus- picious the ship can proceed at once; and I may say that the contraband committee works so _ expeditiously that its decisions on the ship or goods is nearly always given the same day that the manifest is put before it. “When the manifest is telegraphed to the contraband committee it is also telegraphed to the war trade intelli- gence department, which has been created for the purpose of supplying information on which the. contraband committee can decide whether cer- tain goods should be allowed to go forward or not. “In addition to the contraband com- mittee there is the enemy exports committee, which deals with goods exported from Germany. This is a much simpler task than dealing with imports into Germany, as America and other countries, for the purpose of their customs, already require that the country of origin shall be given and the effect has been that the ex- port trade of Germany was almost immediately killed. “When suspect goods are unloaded from a ship they are at once put into ‘prize’, and the owner of the goods has to make a claim for their restitu- tion and must bring an action for their recovery. Such actions are tried in the admiralty court, and the goods are released, condemned or dealt with as the court may deem just.” New Hudson Barge Line A new plan of rail and water ship- ments of iron ore from the Port Henry district in New York to blast furnaces in eastern Pennsylvania has been worked out by Witherbee, Sherman & Co., Inc., leading operators in that dis- trict, under an arrangement with the New York & Western Canal Line, Inc., 59 Pearl street, New York. The ore is being carried by barge down the Hudson river from Albany to New York harbor and transhipped at Elizabethport, N. J., by rail. Two fleets of boats now are oper- ating between Albany and Elizabethport and will continue this traffic as long as river navigation is open. Each fleet con- sists of a steam power barge and of four consorts each 98 feet long, 17 feet 6 inches beam and 11 feet in depth, with a capacity of 375 tons each. About 1,600 tons is regarded as a full fleet load. This movement by water has been going on for several weeks, and several fleet loads have been delivered. The ore is brought to Albany from Port Henry by rail and is loaded into the boats from coal trestles at the Church