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March, 1919 point to help hold the timbers together when under tension while the side plates at the junction of the stanchions and deck beams eliminate the necessity of the strap commonly passed over the deck beams and fastened at the sides of the stanchions. Further construction details are shown in Figs. 1 to 4. Fig. 1 shows how a cap and base ties a hold beam in place. The side plates of the cap and base are securely fastened to the stanchions by bolts running through them while the two units are tied to- gether by two bolts running through the hold beam. Fig: 2 isviary base at the “foot of<a wing stanchion. In this case the side plates are offset to permit them to pass over the girder keelson which is somewhat wider than the stanchion. This illustration also shows how filler blocks are inserted between the side plates, each filler being bolted. in place by ‘three .bolts which extend through the filler and both plates. The object of the filler blocks is to keep shifting cargo from being dam- aged as it might be through sharoly striking the comparatively thin plates. Again, cargo nets coming in contact with the edges of these plates would soon become damaged. Fig. 3 is a wing stanchion cap at ‘the end of a cargo hatch. This, ‘also, is provided with a filler block. The plates on wing stanchion caps near the cargo hatches dio not extend be- yond the stanchion on one side, ‘the object being to leave as much unob- structed space as_ possible. Fig. 4 is a center stanchion ‘base. - This construction differs slightly from that of the wing stanchion bases, as ‘shown in Fig. 2, because the keelson -is much wider than the stanchion; so much so that the offset side plates as used in a stanchion base on the “wing ‘stanchions would not be prac- ticable. Instead, the side plates are bent at an angle of 90. degrees and securely bolted to the keelson. These substitutes for wooden knees are made of open-hearth steel and are cut, punched and formed by methods commonly used in working structural and ship steel. Beside the units | puSsImess LLU =n The Bruce Drydock Co., Pensacola, Fla., plans the erection of a drydock with -ship repair and construc- tion facilities. Arrangements are being made by the French- American Shipbuilding Co., Los Angeles, for the erec- tion of a plant at San Pedro, Cal., for building steel concrete vessels. : The Mullen Construction Co., Pittsburgh, has taken over the drydock ‘and shipbuilding yards at Prince THE MIDSHIP. ELEVATION FIG. 5—WHERE STEEL CAPS AND BASES TAKE THE PLACE OF WOOD KNEES shown, the Duplex company also makes lodging and hanging knees which are constructed on practically the same principle as the installa- tions described. The Duplex company. entered the marine field when the need of a sub- stitute for wood knees. was keenly felt and immediately made up several samples which ‘were tested, and ap- proved ‘both by the American bureau of shipping and the Emergency Fleet corporation. ; Fire Protection for Ships and Docks The General Fire Extinguisher Co., New York, in a recent issue of its Bulletin discusses a new type of auto- matic sprinkler for ships and also fire protection om piers. The first article points out that ship owners and naval 20 Goes i MMU eed le El IN nnn ne Rupert, Ont., and will spend about $500,000 in im- provements. The San Diego Shipbuilding & Drydock Co., San Diego, Cal., contemplates the erection of a ship- building plant. A small pipe bending shop will be erected by the Buffalo Drydock Co., Buffalo. Plans for the construction of a $150,000 ship- building plant by the North Country Ship Building MARINE REVIEW 167 architects have maintained that any sys- tem which makes provision for the im- mediate discharge Of water on the open- ing of a sprinkler head is inadvisable on shipboard because the danger of broken pipes, injured sprinklers or rup- tured joints would more often cause accidental discharge of water than in buildings and with far graver results. The company, however, has developed a sprinkler system for use on shipboard which automatically discharges water in case of fire but at the same time this result is not secured in case of injured sprinkler heads, broken piping, etc. It is stated that the general system follows shore practice regarding spacing, pipe sizes and general installation. The sys- tem is supplied from a steam fire pump working automatically. However, there is no water in the sprinkler systém or no dry pipe valve as this is generally understood. As a part of the sprinkler eee: there is a thermostatic equipment which automatically controls admission of water into the sprinkler system proper. It is said that the system is practical as it overcomes the objections pre- viously referred to in installing auto- matic sprinkler protection aboard ship. That serious fires often oécur along the waterfronts of all large cities is -a well. known fact. These fires may entail enormous losses and. frequently develop huge proportions owing to the inability of city fire departments to cope with them. The second article points out.that the sheds or wharves common to America form the most dan- gerdus structures of their kind in ex- istence. Built ‘on ‘wooden piling with wooden: superstructures, they are com- parable to nothing but horizontal flues through which flames rush with light- ning-like rapidity. It is stated that the ule scarcity of sprinkler systems in such property is due to the insurance conditions sur- rounding this class ‘of ‘risk. The pier owners do not’ themselves insure the valuable contents stored therein and this division of responsibility lessens the economic interest in adequately safe- guarding the contents that business men generally have in protecting the contents of their factories. = Corp., Ogdensburg, N. Y., been indefinitely postponed. Plans have been prepared for the Watson Drydock & Construction Co., Victoria, B. C., for the erection of a floating drydock and shipbuilding plant. Work will be started soon on the construction of a shipbuilding plant for the Duffy Blinn Co., Saulnier- ville, N. S. The Great Northern Railway Co., haye 607 Hastings es ae Wa Cake NR bn Nag ier ite on cea Bd