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4.85 per cent due to extra rudder resistance. It is not unknown for this degree of helm to have to be carried to counteract the wind effect, so that it will be seen that for a cargo ship under fairly normal trial trip conditions the mean resistance and power for a pair or runs may be in- creased by 9.2 per cent, due to wind pressure plus 4.385 per cent due to helm. On a bad day it is even worse. Measured-mile trials have two main purposes; one is to satisfy the owner that he has got what he is paying for, and the other is to give the shipbuilder data on which he can make future estimates and designs. Margins of power have always to be provided to balance the fact that service conditions are always worse than trial ones, and no analysis of trial results will reduce the fact that from 20 per cent or 25 per cent margin over the trial power is required for service conditions. Analysis of trial results is very necessary to check estimates of power and speed, to balance up theory with practice, and to compare performances of one form and propeller against others. This is the justification for suggesting that shipbuilders might take on the extra work on trial trips of noting wind velocities and direc- tions, and helm angles, and estimating how much power they have thus lost. This will assist in the comparison of performances on a fine weather basis, which is the only practicable one. A. EF. Harvey Launched at Great Lakes New Pittsburgh Steamship Co. bulk freighter just before launching at Great Lakes Engineering Works, Detroit, April 9, 1927 HE A. F. HARVEY, one of the two bulk freighters now under construction for: the Pittsburgh - Steamship Co., Cleveland, was launched at the plant of her’ builder, the Great Lakes Engineering Works, on April 9. This modern freighter is AT LEFT—HUGE WAVE IS THROWN AS THE BIG FREIGHTER PIVOTS 20 named for A. F. Harvey, manager of the Pittsburgh Steamship Co. which is by far the largest fleet on the Great Lakes comprising approximately 100 vessels of all types. The launch- ing was entirely successful in every respect and was attended by a group of prominent Great Lakes vessel men. Sarah Harvey, niece of Mr. Harvey, was the sponsor. The new vessel is quite similar to the AUGUST ZIESING and will enter service after completion about May 15. The length overall is 604 feet; Ae RAR ee oe MARINE REVIEW-—May, 1927 Beware INTO BASIN—AT RIGHT—AFLOAT AFTER LAUNCH