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gined by Burmeister and Wain. Norris, Henty and Gardners, Ltd., Particroft, Lancashire, showed a twin set of Gardner six-cylinder vertical heavy oil engines each of 210 horse- power and of marine type. The en- gine speed is 320 revolutions per min- ute. These engines are built up to 500 horsepower and are used on barges, tugs, cargo boats, and as aux- iliaries on diesel engined ships. They include several improvements, such as electric starting by which they can be started from dead cold, a new variable speed governor giving control from full speed to % of full speed when driving the _ propeller. The same firm also display other smaller units. Davey, Paxman and Co. Ltd., Aldwych, London, had a _ 120-horse- power Paxman _ three-cylinder — coli starting vertical crude oil engine, fitted with Blackstone’s patent spring injection, which enables instant start- ing from cold on heavy oils. engine, and a smaller one also on show, were fitted with the Paxman valve gear in which the valve itself. ean be freed without the necessity of dismantling the gear. James Pollock, Sons and Co. Ltd., Lloyd’s avenue, London, represent in Great Britain J. and C. G. Bolinders Co., of Stockholm, Sweden. They showed an extensive range of models, from a 90-horsepower two-cylinder Bolinder reversible heavy oil marine engine, which can be built up to 700 horsepower, to a 6 to 7 horsepower single cylinder Bolinder Beta _ sta- tionary engine, direct coupled to a pump. The Yeovil works of Petters Ltd., exhibited a 24 to 28 horsepower en- gine operating on crude residual or refined petroleum; it is a _ twin-cyl- inder engine with flywheel forward, fitted with reverse gear, stern gear and propeller. These engines can run on very low speed. The Ipswich works of the same firm showed a 55- horsepower propulsion unit fitted with reverse gear, which works at low pressure and temperature. Among other exhibits, the Parsons Oil En- gine Co. Ltd., Southampton, showed a 55 to 65-horsepower marine set for kerosene fuel, with four cylinders 6% inches bore, 8 inches stroke, running normally at 700 to 750 revolutions per minute. This series also comprises 6-cylinder engines of 85 to 105 horsepower and 8-cylinder engines 110 to 140 horsepower, all provided with water cooled crankchambers. Spring Injection System for Diesels Blackstone and Co. Ltd., Stamford, showed engines fitted with their spring injection system, which can be fitted to oil engines, both of the ma- 3) This . rine and industrial types. It con- sists of a low pressure fuel measur- ing pump, a moderate pressure fuel injector consisting of two members with a special spring between them, the inner member being the injector plunger and the outer the spring plunger, and a spring loaded fuel in- jector valve. The fuel is injected mechanically into the combustion chamber at the same point at each compression stroke and ignition takes place through the heat of compres- sion in the combustion chamber. The same firm exhibited an uncheckable centrifugal pump which, it is claimed, handles without screening, liquids containing all kinds of hard and soft solids. A range of paraffin engines from 14 to 75 horsepower was displayed by the Atlantic Engine Co. Ltd., Wishaw. These engines are constructed to start on petrol and run on paraffin, but they can be supplied to run on petrol only, when the engine will de- velop from 10 to 15 per cent more than the powers given when working on paraffin. Two Kromhout engines were shown by Perman and Co. Ltd., London. These marine oil engines are made in various powers from 9 horsepower to 200 horsepower with reverse gear, and from 275 horse- power to 700 horsepower on the air reversing type. No water injection is used for any size Kromhout en- gine. Models of various types of ma- rine internal combustion engines, of powers from 7% to 375 horsepower, were displayed by John Thornycroft and Co. Ltd., Southampton. E. T. White and Co. (1926) Ltd., London, exhibited paraffin marine’ engines combined with reverse gears. Passenger and Cargo Vessels The Union-Castle Mail Steamship Co. Ltd., London, showed a model of the ARUNDEL CASTLE, a twin screw steamer of 19,023 tons, built in 1921 by Harland and Wolff, Ltd., Belfast, Ireland. The Clan Line Steamers, Ltd., showed a model of the CLAN MACTAVISH built by the Ayrshire Dock yard Co. Ltd., Irvine, Scotland; the vessel is a modern geared turbine cargo of 7602 tons gross register, carrying 10,150 tons deadweight, with a speed of 14 knots per hour. The Mersey Docks and MHarbor board (Port of Liverpool) exhibited a chart and a section model of a portion of the Liverpool docks. Various machinery and equipment constituted a large portion of the exhibits. Gears were shown by John Holroyd and Co. Ltd., Milnrow, near Rochdale. The Keenock Company, Ltd., London, displayed models _ of MARINE REVIEW—October, 1927 Keenock gearboxes operating by di- rect transmission through an infinite ratio pinion; speed control is ob- tained by moving a lever to right or left. Hans Renold, Ltd., Manchester, showed Renold standard drives which range from a fraction to 100 horse- power in 16 ratios. Igranic Electric Co. Ltd., London, displayed various types of their electric switch and con- trol gear. In the pump section the British Quadruplex, Ltd., London, displayed various types of rotary’ valveless pumps. Zwicky Ltd., Slough, dis- played different types of piston high and low duty pumps fitted with the Zwicky valves, up to 30,000 gallons per hour per cylinder. They also showed a single joint filter for oils, water and petrol. The exhibit of the Aster Engineer- ing Co. (1913) Ltd., Wembley, Mid- dlesex, contained, in addition to vari- ous industrial pumps and generating sets, one 50-horsepower direct coupled paraffin engine generating set for emergency ship lighting, and a standard Aster-Anthony boiler feed water regulator for the merchant marine. This equipment is featured by an open float maintained full of water by an air-cooled condenser so arranged that a small quantity of steam is continually condensed and falls into the open float, any surplus spilling over into the box. A seat- less plunger control valve’ ensures control, and an external leakage duct provides a constant leakage path for the operating water. Compressors were displayed by Broom and Wade, Ltd., High Wycombe, Bucks. Refrigerating machinery was ex- hibited by J. and E. Hall, Ltd., Lon- don. The Clews Petersen Piston Ring and Engineering Co., Ltd., West Hampstead, London, displayed their piston rings especially manufactured for use in diesel engines. A dynamic balancing machine, Lawaczeck-Hey- mann patents, was shown by C. F. R. Giesler, Ltd., London. These ma- chines are made in eight sizes, accom- modating rotors from a few ounces weight up to 100 tons. The inter- mediate and large sizes are used for turbo runners, pump impellers, ete. A self contained 3-ton worm geared electric cargo winch was shown by Laurence, Scot and Co., Ltd., Norwich. Metropolitan-Vickers Electric Co., Ltd., Manchester, exhibited a worm geared winch capable of lifting three tons at 90 feet per minute, and motors used for various drives in ships’ en- gine rooms. Reavell and Co., Ltd., Ipswich, displayed a three-stage ma- rine auxiliary compressor, for diesel (Continu>d on Page 52)