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GRAVING DOCKS There is a wide difference in drydocks. The floating type has the ad- vantage of mobility but lacks the greater rigidity of the grav- ing type, and is, therefore, not comparable where intricate re- pair or reconditioning work is necessary...This series is con- cerned only with the graving type because of its obviously superior advantages and is, therefore, designed to make clear to owners and operators the fact that this organization’s facilities are preeminent in the Port of New York and its environs. Before detailing these facilities and what they accomplish quickly and successfully for the fore- most Owners in America, including the United States Government, an explanation of the advan- tages of a graving dock are herewith set forth. A graving dock is a rigid structure, and the alignment of the blocks is | gett A ship placed in such a dock will assume the same unstrained position it possessed on the builder’s ways. Large load strains or deflections are often unnoticed at the docking of a ship ia the float- ing type. Certain strains and deflections are only appreciablewhen a ship is settled on the perfectly rigid and truly aligned blocking of a graving dock. Assurance of having new or replaced parts of TODD SHIPYARDS CORPORATION a vessel strained equally with the adjoining parts when load strains are thrown into the vessel subsequent to the docking in a graving dock. Oppositely strains and de- flections existing in a vessel ., placed in a floating drydock will not be removed ina float- ing dock, and an uneven pumping of the pontoons is apt to cause additional strain- ing cf a ship. Thus a strain may be built into the ship and the subsequent load strains may intensify said stresses to a serious extent. Where intensive replacement work is neces- sary or where a strained condition is suspected, preference must be given to the rigid graving dock over the floating dock with its limber wings and pontoons. In the series that is to follow, specific instances will be discussed where the graving type of dry- dock has been an absolute necessity and, where gtaving dock facilities have been available, con- siderable expense and time have been saved to owners and operators in repair and recondition- ing work. The facilities of this organization are pre- eminent, and the equipment contains the only two privatcly owned graving docks in the Port of New York zone. : The only two privately owned graving docks in the Port of New York Main Office: 25 Broadway, New York, N. Y., U:S.A.— Cable: Robin, New York. All codes Twelve Shipways —Twenty-two Floating Docks -Two Graving Docks Robins Dry Dock & Repair Company Erie Basin, Brooklyn, N. Y. Todd Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co., Inc. obile. Ala. Todd Engineering, Dry Dock & Repair Co. New Orleans, La. Tietjen & Lang Dry Dock Company Foot of 23rd Street, Brooklyn, N. Y. Todd Dry Docks, Inc. Harbor Island, 16th Avenue, S.W. Seattle, Wash. Todd Oil Burners, Ltd. Hoboken, N. J. London, England MARINE REVIEW—October, 1927 Todd Dry Dock Engineering & Repair Corp. In Repair and Reconditioning Work A series of talks, of which this is the first, on the importance of this type of drydock for survey, observation and repair activities 69