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21,553,964 tons were exported. Coal shipping staiths are found from one end of the port to the _other, there being in all 71 coal ship- ping berths, many of them in the river, where the necessity of docking and undocking is obviated. At the commissioners’ Whitehill point river staiths large vessels can take in full cargoes and/or bunkers and _ proceed direct to sea at almost any state of the tide. Three of the five berths at Whitehill point are fitted with hydraulic lifts capable of lifting high capacity wagons to an approximate height of 70 to 80 feet above low water ordinary stages of the tide. All of the commissioners’ berths at Whitehill point and Albert Edward dock are fitted with electric coal band conveyors. At No. 5 berth, White- hill point, there is an anti-coal break- age appliance. Large cargoes of coke for the Pacific coast have been dealt with by this appliance and the ship- pers have received reports of the excellent condition of the coke on arrival in America. Varied Tyneside Industries The Tyne is not only a coal ex- porting river, it is the center of a tremendous and varied industrial ac- tivity. The other staple industries are shipbuilding and engineering, and the following list indicates the varied character of the industries now car- ried on:—shipbuilding; shiprepair- ing; iron and_ steel manufactories; engineering and_ boilermaking shops; blast furnaces; ordnance works; lead works; copper works; chemical man- ufactories; cement manufactories; brick works; paint and color works; chemical manure works; timber yards and saw mills; creosoting works; corn and flour mills; hemp and wire rope works; grindstone manufactories; pot- teries; and fishing. The manufacture of marine turbine engines, locomotives and electrical ap- paratus form important branches of the many industries to be found on Tyneside. Following on the war, the great Scotswood shell shops were con- verted into locomotive works. Imports and Exports The Tyne is well served by regular steamship lines—coastwise and con- tinental—as well as to and from the four quarters of the globe, including Canada, the United States, South America, the Pacific and a wide range of European and Mediterranean ports. Ocean liners up to 500 feet in length are regularly berthed at Newcastle quay, which is the distributing center for the import traffic in provisions, fruit, foodstuffs, etc., not only for the Newcastle district, but for a much larger area. General merchandise is also dealt with at Tyne _ dock, Northumberland dock and Albert Ed- ward dock. The chief general imports to the MARINE REVIEW—August, 1928 port are iron ore, grain, timber, provisions, fruit and vegetables, ce- ment, sulphur ore, etc., oil fuel, wood pulp, phosphates and paper. The leading exports are pig iron, chemicals, firebricks, machinery, loco- motives, lead goods, tar, pitch and resin. Large modern flour mills with a deep water berth and electric dis- charging elevators are found at Duns- ton, the grain silos having a storage capacity of about 20,000 tons. These mills are capable of turning out per week 12,000 sacks of flour of 280 pounds each and also about 600 tons of wheat offals. Grain is also dis- charged at Tyne dock, Albert Edward dock and Newcastle quay. Great developments have taken place in the oil bunkering business during recent years. There are now three large oil installations in the port with deep water berths alongside for the discharge of or bunkering of vessels. ‘Tank capacity is provided for the storage of about 55,000 tons of fuel oil. Two self-propelled oil tankers of 500 and 250 tons capacity respectively, have been provided by the oil companies for bunkering vessels with oil fuel in any part of the port. Shipbuilding and Engineering The Tyne is famous for its ship- building yards, which are world re- nowned. With the exception of the Clyde, it has the largest output of 45