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_. = slip clear near outer end ee Dockin A ln eee oo In ne iner on opposite Docking with opposite side of 550° 1/00" Slip. Cle 700 8 OQ) p. Clearances for warping Le Zi hailed olism 100° 1000’ ~=—s STUDIES OF SLIP DIMENSIONS FIG-5 may be seen from the characteristics of the Europa, BREMEN and_ the newer vessels being built. Allowances in water areas must also be made for auxiliary craft such as lighters, fuel and grain barges, grain elevators, cranes, tugs and other craft, characteristics of which for the Port of New York are givin in Table II. So far as conditions will per- mit it should be possible for such craft to be spotted in the desired positions without delay to operations at ships (unless at the particular hatch port or bunker at which the spotting is Table I DATA FOR STUDY OF SLIP DIMENSIONS, ETC. PORT OF NEW YORK DIMENSIONS OF LARGE OCEAN VESSELS Draft Length Beam (loaded) Majestic®:.. 3.N5¢55. 954 100 39 Leviathan.......... 951 100 40 erengaria......... 919 98 32 EMER OF se 939 102 34 MurOpa os ices 939 102 35 Aauitania... 08 a: 902 97 37 APPROXIMATE PROPORTIONS OF OCEAN VESSELS Draft Length Beam Draft Length Beam (loaded) 900 98 40 450 60 28 800 89 38 400 54 27 700 80 36 350 49 26 600 72 34 300 44 24 500 65 31 250 37 22 being made). Narrow slip ways affect the cost of cargo handling in ports such as New York, where a large amount of cargo is handled to and from lighters. If the slip way is nar- row, two steamers—with attendant lighters—will block the slip way so that it is impossible to take a lighter from the inshore without moving a whole string of lighters alongside one of the ships. This is just as serious an interference with the operation going on at the various hatches, as results when there is one ship side track provided, or when with two ship side tracks, the necessary cross-overs for these tracks are omitted. Fig 1. illustrates the problem of proper slip widths. This is a study of a 300-foot wide slip with 1100 foot piers based upon an average 500- foot cargo carrier, and indicates suf- ficient width for bringing in or tak- ing out inshore vessels from inshore berths. The layout shows, however, that it would be difficult or impos- sible to bring such vessels in when the outboard berths were both occupied in which case it would be necessary to remove one or the other of the ves- sels, depending upon the stage of tide. For the same width and length of slip Fig. 2 shows a study of two large steamships of the size of the EuropA and BREMEN. This _indi- cates that while physically there is room in the slips for two such ves- sels with lighters off-side, it would be impractical to berth such a vessel with another already in the slip and also that there would be loss of time in shifting lighters. The congestion is self-evident. Slip Widths for Handling For the same length of slip and with a width of 340 feet Fig. 3 shows the condition for long vessels in place, which permits movement of lighters, but conditions are still diffi- cult for the berthing of the second vessel with one large ship already in the slip. It is not enough to study the ves- sels or small craft as actually in place—their movements and neces- sary clearances during the moving in or out should also be considered. In this connection consideration should be given to currents, delays which may be occasioned in docking, com- parative expenses incurred for tug boats in docking, and any other ship operating factor in determination of MARINE REVIEw—March, 1931 slip dimensions. Figures 4, 5 and 6 also are typical studies for the de- termination of slip dimensions desir- able for the docking of large vessels. Table. IT Dimensions of auxiliary craft at the port of New York, useful in a study of ship dimensions for a terminal at this port. LIGHTERS (TOWED) *Number considered—1267: Length Beam Draft Average........ 93 30 8 Maximum....... 206 41 13 Minimum....... 50 17 Z SELF-PROPELLED LIGHTERS *Number considered—316 Length Beam Draft Average... .s2.. 115 28 10 Maximum....... 258 40 19 Minimum....... 47 16 4 COAL BARGES *Number considered—844 Length Beam Draft Average........ 112 27 12% Maximum....... 280 45 18-248 Minimum....... 75 17 9 s-Seagoing barges : OIL CARRYING BARGES* *Number considered—97 Length Beam Draft Average. 3. cae. 153 31% 11% Maximum....... 258 40 20% Minimum: 2.2... 100 23 9 HARBOR TUGS *Number considered—644 Length Beam Draft Average........ 85 21 10 Maximum....... 142h-155c 32 17h-18c Minimum....... 36 11 4 h-Harbor c-Coastwise or seagoing FLOATING GRAIN ELEVATORS Length Beam Draft Number it He i Propelled 15u ” 35/8" 15’ 16 2. 3o a3) 100°? 30'8” 8 120 ” Bene. ht gv’ Scow Type ) 125 » 35/8" gi 1257 35°74" 8’ *Data from Port Series No. 10, Port of New York. War Department-Shipping Board. These indicate the effect of slip length, or the clearance between the end of pier and ship already in the slip, as well as of slip width, on the et et et BO 29