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Ships Built on Isherwood System Show Increase HILE a substantial proportion of the ships completed during the year 1931 were built on the longi- tudinal system, only a few vessels were ordered; but if considered in the light of the extremely bad conditions which have existed throughout the year, the number of vessels specified to be built on Isherwood construction is more than might have been antici- pated. The following table, indicating the number and deadweight tonnage of ships built and under construction on this system year by year, will show that the adoption of the system has maintained greater progress, as com- pared with vessels built on the trans- verse system than prior to the year 19381. Ships Built or Under Construction DEAD- YEAR NUMBER WEIGHT ee ae ue - 6 31,608 1009 . =. 36 212,922 1910 716 484,752 1911 140 958,795 1912 240 1,777,348 1913 270 1,993,034 1914 311 2,351,322 1915 468 3,548,221 1916 620 4,666,000 1917 800 6,332,150 1918 1,050 8,707,700 1919 1,260 10,594,700 1920 1,395 11,962,400 1921 1,418 12,032,400 1922 1,431 12,101,890 1923 1,443 12,174,490 1924 1,472 12,408,700 1925 1,502 12,649,730 1926 1,551 13,096,480 1927 1,618 13,491,380 1928 1,653 13,752,920 1929 1.779 14,936,900 1930 {8:27 15,357,460 1931 1,858 15,441,600 Two very interesting ships as differentiating from the general type of cargo vessels built or under con- struction in 1931 are two car ferries for the Seatrain Lines Inc, New York, which are of large size, a spe- cial feature of the design being a double skin with close subdivisions to make them unsinkable as far as practicable, to be built by the Sun Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co. to plans approved by Sir Joseph W. Isherwood & Co. Ltd. The Sun Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co. delivered three motor tankers for the Motor Tankship Corp., Philadelphia, the NORTHERN SUN, SOUTHERN SUN, and Mrrcury SUN, also one motor tanker, the DAyLiaHt, for the Stand- ard Transportation Co. of New York. These vessels, built on the Isherwood bracketless-system, have a deadweight of 14,600 tons. The Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corp. also delivered their second tanker for the Sinclair Navigation Co., the Harry F. SINCLAIR JR., 9300 tons deadweight, built on the bracketless system. The bracketless system continues 42 to make great progress and has been adopted in 128 vessels aggregating 1,- 147,000 tons deadweight carrying ca- pacity in the short period of five years since its introduction. The following analysis of the above table of ships built and under construction shows the adaptability of Isherwood con- struction for vessels of all types and sizes: Oil tankers, 994 aggregating 9,244,000 tons deadweight carrying ca- pacity; passenger liners, general cargo vessels, colliers, ore steamers, Great Lakes freighters, passenger and freight ferry vessels, barges, dredgers, ete., 864 aggregating 6,197,600 tons deadweight carrying capacity. It is interesting to observe that Sir Joseph W. Isherwood & Co. Ltd have still a fair amount of work in hand, Index For 1931 HE index for the year 1931, cov- ering all the valuable editorial material which appeared in MARINE Review last year, is now ready for distribution. Copies will be sent on request, without charge, to those sub- scribers who have kept a complete file of copies and desire the index. OH a EN ae including nine oil tankers of over 16,- 000 tons deadweight carrying capacity building for the Standard Shipbuild. ing Co., New York, the structural de- tail plans of which are being developed by the builders in collaboration with Sir Joseph W. Isherwood & Co. Ltd. The steel hatchway cover is one of the latest introduction of this firm, and has recently come into promi- nence. This hatch cover is a simple and effective means of overcoming the enormous risks of fitting wooden hatch covers in cargo ships without depart- ing from the present day method of handling and storing the covers. The urgent necessity for the univer- sal adoption of steel hatch covers is shown by a letter written to Fairplay of Dec. 17, 1931, by Sir Charles Sand- ers, chairman of the load line com- mittee 1927, 1929, who points out that during the 14 years, 1913/1915 to 1927/1929, some 20 per cent of the foundering of steamers was due to the entrance of water through the hatch- ways and ventilators. Owing to the depreciation in for- eign exchange, the Sterling subscrip- tion rate of MARINE REVIEW has been increased by 20 per cent. The revised rate is £1 4s per year. Figures made available recently show that during the 14 years since the armistice Germany has made an amazing recovery as a maritime na- tion. Her merchant fleet, reduced to about 700,000 gross tons by the Ver- sailles treaty, today totals 4,254,000 tons, only 246,000 below the pre-war figure. MARINE REVIEwW—February, 1932 Boiler Tests Completed (Continued from Page 35) controlled by a steel plate baffle. At the sixth tube, the gases flow downwards toward the mud drum, passing across the seventh to the fifteenth rows of boiler tubes. The gases then flow upward past the economizers in a direction counter- flow to that of the water in the economizer tubes. Temperature of the exhaust gases averages 300 degrees Fahr. Characteristics of the new boiler are as follows: Boiler heating surface, Sq. ft. .....sscccsseessees 4910 Economizer heating surface, sq. ft........ 3024 Superheating surface, sq. ft Aes Total heating surface, sq. ft. .... usta Furnace volume, cubic feet........ccscscsseeee Maximum designed boiler pressure, Ibs. 450 Pressure at superheater outlet, Ibs......... 400 Steam temperature, degrees Fahr............ 750 Equipment used in connection with this installation, aside from that designed and built by the Fos- ter Wheeler Corp., is as follows: Blower, American Blower Co.; valves, Consolidated Ashcroft Han- cock Co. Ine.; pumps, DeLaval Steam Turbine Co.; motor and con- trol, General Electric Co.; Renarex earbon dioxide recorder, Permutit Co.; feed control, Swartwout Co.; oil burners, Todd Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co.; smoke indicators, Wager Furnace Bridgewall Co.; Firebrick and Walls, Dietrich Arch Co. Gur South American’ Trade In view of the decline of United States trade with Latin America al- most to pre-war level, the commit- tee on inter-American relations and the National Foreign Trade council, composed of representatives of all factors of commerce including finance, transportation and com- munication, from every part of the United States, are providing for con- tinuing a study of Latin-American commercial, investment and public credits. The following is quoted from a statement made by Gen. Palmer E. Pierce, Standard Oil Co. of N. J., chairman of the committee on inter- American relations: The purpose is not only to discover what measures leading to improvement may be un- dertaken now, but also to build up a better understanding in the Unit- ed States and the countries of Latin America of their mutual interests and relationship tending to guard against future recurrence of such a situation as the present. The Babcock & Wilcox Co., 85 Liberty street, New York, announced a further consolidation of the re- sources and facilities of the Babcock & Wilcox and the Fuller Lehigh or- ganizations, effective Jan. 1. The sales offices of the two companies have been combined.