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Marine Boilers (Continued from Page 12) produces casing elements that are remarkably true to the required di- mensions and having flanges amply rigid so that with brass-sheathed asbestos packing between them they will hold their shape when bolted together. Thus the entire assem- bly is substantial and airtight even under the highest air pressures to which such casings are subjected or roughly 12 inches water gage. A casing made up of sections fab- ricated as described is used princi- pally with express-type boilers but is described in this detail because it represents the most complex form of construction used. A much simpler type of casing, consisting of flat plates bolted to angles, is used with most of the cross-drum boilers. Some idea of the scientific meth- ods used in modern boiler-making is given in the foregoing, but it is in the laboratory of this plant that receive the physical evidence of scientific activities, a striking exam- ple of the remarkable progress that has been made in boiler manufactur- ing during the past few decades. This change is in the completeness of the equipment for the physical test of materials, for chemical analy- sis of materials, analysis of feed and boiler water, and for exhaustive metallurgical research work. Such equipment is, of course, necessary in modern boiler-making, which em- braces so much research work and where codes, such as the proposed new rules, require physical tests of materials and the various tests pro- posed for welded boiler drums. | The chemical laboratory plays an important part in modern boiler- making, because of the required ehemical analyses of materials, the necessity for checking the composi- tion of alloy castings; and the neces- sity for the analysis of boiler feed- water, required, particularly, for land boilers that are operated at such high ratings as to give great impor- tance to the quality of the water fed to the boilers. It is quite natural, also, that many metallurgical prob- lems must be solved in modern boil- er making that has, in the past, in- volved studies of such matters as caustic embrittlement, the effects of repeated stresses, the corrosive ac- tion of the gases of combustion on boiler tubes, and the causes and effects of corrosion fatigue. To return to the question raised in part one of this article, appearing in the June issue—will the proposed rules seriously affect the procedure followed in the fabrication of marine boilers or increase their cost? It must be apparent to a visitor to a plant such as the one described that, 40 although the proposed rules are markedly more comprehensive than those now in force, the present rules merely reflect good practice in boiler- making. In other words, the pro- posed rules should in no way affect either the manufacturing procedure or the cost of marine boilers. American Grain Shipments (Continued from Page 33) bushels in the 1933 period, although wheat shipments increased from 473,- 000 bushels to 1,364,000. Corn, how- ever, declined from 9,698,000 bushels to 4,906,000, with oats down from 1,979,000 bushels to 676,000. No rye or barley moved from Chicago dur- ing the five months, but a small car- go of rye was shipped over the II- linois waterway and Mississippi river to New Orleans, the first time there has been such a movement. Lake shipments from Milwaukee to June 15 amounted to 1,478,177 bushels, divided fairly evenly among wheat, corn and oats. Receipts dur- ing the period were 167,525 bushels of wheat and rye. Canadian Grain Shipments Shipments of grain from Fort Wil. liam and Port Arthur, Ont., have continued to move in considerable quantities since the report published in the June issue of MARINE REVIEW. The quantities of wheat moved by lake vessels from Fort William and Port Arthur, Ont., from May 15 up to June 15, are as follows: to Cana- dian lower lake ports, 13,130,911 bushels; to Montreal, 2,895,682 bushels; to other Canadian ports, 289,259 bushels; to Buffalo, 6,911,- 720 bushels; and to other United States ports, 1,627,409 bushels. During the same _ period oats moved from Fort William and Port Arthur in quantities as follows: to Canadian lower lake ports, 2,024,081 bushels; and to Montreal, 188,920 bushels, No oats were shipped to any other ports. Barley shipped dur- ing this period amounted to 649,762 bushels to Canadian lower lake ports; and 145,823 bushels to Mon- treal. A total of 62,540 bushels of rye were shinped during this period to Canadian lower lake ports. Mixed feed, oats, croats, to the amount of 5380 tons, were shipped to Canadian lake ports, Screenings were shipped as follows during this period: to Canadian lower lake ports, 1358 tons; to Ruffalo, 950 tons; and to other United States ports, 3132 tons. The Edward Valve & Mfg. Co. Ine., East Chicago, Ind., has issued a bulle- tin discussing the desirable character- istics of boiler non-return valves, in- cluding photographs of a number of installations. M AnIN@ REVIEW—July, 1934 Wolverine (Continued from Page roe} constant supervision of the Presque Isle State Park commiss‘on whose police watch over the ship and see that she is protected from vanda’s. Time Taking Its Toll However, even police cannot stop time from working it’s damage, and as a result dry-rot has attacked decks and cabins, and the WOLVERINE now rests in a few feet of water, bravely appearing still to be r ding th» vra7es. Her broken connecting rod still hangs where it fell on that last eventful cruise. Her galley ranges, ice boxes and stores rooms are thick with dust, the white tile floor in the once spot‘ess galley is still trying to show through it’s covering of shore dirt, and her ports no longer house her once brist ling guns. So for the present ends the career of the WOLVERINE, the lake’s and navy’s first iron ship, and the only United States navy ship to ever carry arms on the Great Lakes, truly a monument to pace and goodwill on this frontier of two great neighboring nations. It is hoped by all lovers of things marine, that some how a way will be found to preserve this old end velu- able relic of bygone days, and that quite possibly her future davs eould be turned to some less strenuous but uce- ful occupation. Feed Water Treatment (Continued from Page 18) into the boiler or as close to it as pos- sible. The experience is not unusual to have the coils or tubes of the heater close up gradually, which, of course, reduces the temperature of the feed water going into the boiler. This is due to precipitation of the temno- rary hardness and occasionally by the permanent hardness caused by feeding the treatment in too soon. The de- position of the mud, therefore, oc: curred in the heater or the feed line rather than in the boiler. The chemical balance which should be carried by each individual boat varies so much that it is impossible to give a definite rule for all boats to follow. This problem can be solved by making use of the services of men trained in this field, who can make accurate recommendations after a sur- vey of the conditions. The S. S. SHAwner, of the Clyde- Mallory line, which docked at Pier 34, Hudson river on June 2, established a new speed record for the northbound run from Jacksonville of 40 hours and 41 minutes. She maintained an aver- age speed of 20.14 knots on the run to New York.