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Twin screw turbine electric express liner Scharnhorst. Maierform bow. CHARNHORST, First Gserman |urbine Electric Liner ERMAN naval architecture and G marine engineering in its most modern and up-to-date aspects is strikingly exemplified in the twin screw, turbine electric drive, passen- ger ship SCHARNHORST (shown in the accompanying illustration) and sister- ships PorspAM and GNEISENAU for the Far East express service of the North German Lloyd. The SCHARNHORST was launched at the shipyard of Deutsche Schiff-und Maschinenbau A. G., Brem- en, on Dec. 14, 1934. Her trial trip was held on May 3, 1935. She commenced her maiden voyage from Hamburg for the Far Hast on May 8. The PorsDAM went into commission on July 3 and the GNEISENAU, launched on May 17, is to go into commission Dec. 4, 1935. For Tropical Service In the form of hull and in their ma- chinery, these vessels are particularly interesting and unusual. With the Maierform bow and forebody, cruiser stern, fairly low single stack, and with the forward end of the deck erection rounded, these vessels are distinctly modern in appearance. The registered gross tonnage of the SCHARNHORST is about 18,300 tons and the two sister- ships are of about the same tonnage. These vessels are tropical ships and have comfortable accommodations for 142 passengers in the first class and 12 144 in the tourist class. The SCHARN- HORST and PorsnpaAM are fitted with turbine electric machinery, developing 26,000 shaft horsepower in two pro- pellers, giving a service speed of 21 knots. A speed of 24 knots was at- tained on trials by the SCHARNHORST. The GNEISENAU is fitted with Wagner- Bauer geared turbine machinery de- veloping about the same horsepower with two propellers. The principal characteristics of the SCHARNHORST are as follows: Length overall 651 feet, 7% inches; length be- tween perpendiculars, 610 feet, 3 inches; beam, 73 feet, 10 inches; depth to freeboard deck (B), 44 feet, 11% inches; draft, 29 feet; displacement at load draft, 23,900; deadweight, 10,800 tons. This vessel is the first large Ger- man ship to be propelled by turbine electric drive, also, the comparative- ly high steam pressure (710 pounds per square inch) and high superheat ($878 degrees Fahr.) are well above the steam conditions on a vessel of any considerable size up to this time. Turbine Electric Drive The propelling machinery, which was supplied by A. E. G. Berlin, con- sists of two main turbine alternators, each of which has a capacity of 10,- 000 kilowatts, with a maximum out- MARINE REVIEW—September, 1935 Hligh pressure steam. Speed 21 knots BY Ata. JAINDOON put of 12,400 kilowatts. The volt- age is 3120 and the speed is 3120 revolutions per minute. The two propulsion motors each develop 13,- 000 shaft horsepower at 130 revo- lutions per minute. Each motor is direct connected to a 3-bladed bronze propeller, 18 feet, 1 inch in diameter. Four Watertube Boilers Steam is supplied by four water- tube boilers, each having a heating surface of 7000 square feet and a superheating surface of 2240 square feet. The surface for preheating air for each boiler is about 11,200 square feet. Steam pressure at the boiler is 710 pounds per square inch and at the maneuvering valve it is 640 pounds per square inch. The temper- ature of the superheated steam at the boiler is 878 degrees Fahr., and the temperature of the steam at the maneuvering valve is 851 degrees Fahr. The four watertube boilers are each fitted with two oil burners. The oil is broken up by centrifugal force. Each boiler has an upper and lower drum, and the tubes are arranged in three groups, two of which surround the combustion chamber and the third around the superheater. For auxiliary power there are four direct current geared turbine genera-