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Equipment Used Afloat, Ashore Temperature Regulators for Leviathan—One-Piece Rivet Forge REAT skill and ingenuity has t; been applied to the development of automatic control of tem- perature. Automatic control more nearly positive and of greater accu- racy than that possible by hand is an accepted fact, and it is now princi- pally. a question of simiplicity in design, installation of the apparatus, and the minimizing of chances of break In the particularly complete and ela- borate swimming pool and heat treat- ment rooms of the LrviaATHAN, special attention was given to the automatic temperature regulators in order to insure proper service. Temperature regulators designed and constructed by the Sarco Co., ‘Inc. with offices in the Woolworth building, New ‘York, were: selecied for regulating the heat of the water in the swimming pool, heat treatment rooms and ventilation heating of spaces about the swimming pool. The design and construction of this regulator is interesting. Referring to the diagrammatic sketch, Fig. 1, the principle underlying the operation of the temperature regulator may be de- scribed as follows: a metal cylinder, hermetically sealed, will, when heated, expand with great force. As shown in Fig. 1, such a cyl- inder is connected by a tube with a sec- ond cylinder in which there is a piston actuating a valve in the heat supply Oil completely filling’ not shown in the sketch, opening the heat supply valve. The other important feature of this temperature control apparatus is the method used in making the system abso- lutely tight. An ordinary type of packed piston would not do as the loss of even a minute quantity of oil would cause trou- ble, altering the setting of the instru- in Pige 2. ment. ‘this method is indi- 2000: pounds and will withstand a pres- sure over 3000 pounds per square inch, according to the manufacturers. These self-contained temperature reg- ulators of a type as shown in_ sec- tion -in the accompanying illustration, Fig. 3 were used for three specific pur- poses on the LEvIATHAN: 1. For regulating the ‘temperature of the fresh and salt water heaters in or- FIG. 2—DIAGRAM AS IN FIG. 1 BUT SHOWING SPIRALLY CORRUGATED TUBING DESIGNED TO GIVE LEAKPROOF, FRICTIONLESS PISTON cated diagrammatically. By the use of a special, spirally corrugated copper tube hermetically attached to the piston at one end and to.the inner surface of the cylinder at the other end, a leakproof packing, frictionless and capable of with- standing high pressures, is attained. For purposes of practical operation and possibility of adjustment, the connect- ing tube is taken off near the top at the side. A regulating screw in contact Connection Tube Gas Line FIG. 1—DIAGRAM SHOWING PRINCIPLE ON WHICH REGULATOR WORKS line. The entire system to the top of the piston is completely filled with oil. With the oil cylinder immersed in a tank containing fluid the temperature of which is to be regulated, application of heat to this tank will cause the oil in the cylinder to expand and by means of the connecting tube cause the piston in the piston cylinder to be forced down, thus tending to close the heat supply valve, and consequently reducing or eliminating the heat applied to the the tank. Should the temperature in tank fall below the desired amount, the oil in the cylinder will cool and contract and the piston in the kote cylinder will rise by means of a spring with the piston in the oil cylinder, also provided with the spiral corrugated tub- ing, is so arranged that when screwed down, less temperature in the tank will cause the necessary pressure through the connecting tube to close the heat supply valve, while by adjusting the screw upward ‘the temperature must go higher before closing the valve. As a pre- cautionary measure a relief valve made up of a_ special heavy spring is fitted between the top of the piston and in the oil cylinder and _ the adjustment screw. _This spring will yield when the pressure is too high, and for practical purpose is 800 pounds though the cor- rugated tubing and system is tested to 315 PACKING der to maintain the uniform desired temperature of the swimming pool water, 2. To maintain the temperature of the treatment rooms, : 3. For controling the temperature of the ventilating. system of the swimming pool spaces. . This means that temperature regula- tors of this type were used for control- ing temperatures in ‘three different media, fresh and salt water, steam heat and air. For controling the temperature of ‘the water in the swimming pool, the regulators are placed in the dis- charge pipes from the water heaters and connected 'to the valve on the steam inlet. A temperature of 110 degrees Fahr. is to be maintained at the water outlet but the apparatus is subject to regulation over a range of from 90 degrees. to 130 degrees Fahr. In order to protect the thermostat of the regulator controling the hot salt water from corrosive action a lead sheath was designed to go over the _ sensitive bulb. In the treatment rooms, the regulators are placed in the rooms and connected to control the valves admitting steam to the thermotank coils. The tempera- ture is maintained at 90 degrees but the instruments are arranged for controling the temperature over a range of from 70 degrees to 110 degrees Fahr. For the control of temperature in connection with a thermotank system of ventilation heating to swimming pool - spaces, the thermostat is placed in the blower dis- charge and connected to ‘the valve con- troling the admission of steam to the